PUNJAB AWARENESSFlame Institute

PUNJAB.

(Punjab is ‘land of five rivers’)

Granary of India & India’s bread-basket

‘Punj’ means five and ‘aab’ means water. Five rivers of Punjab are Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum. Only two rivers Sutlej and Beas flow through Punjab state in India. Ravi flows partially in Punjab (India), mainly along the international boundary of India and Pakistan. All these five rivers are tributaries of Indus River. All these five rivers finally merge into Indus River directly or indirectly and the Indus then terminates into Arabian Sea near Karachi city in Pakistan. These rivers, including the Indus River are considered part of Indus Valley River System.

Capital city : Chandigarh

Chief Minister : Sardar Parkash Singh Badal

Governor : Kaptan Singh Solanki

High Court : Punjab and Haryana High Court, Chandigarh

Chief Justice : Shiavax Jal Vazifdar

International Borders : Pakistan to the west- Wagha Border

Number of Districts: 22

Specialty of State: Agricultural Produce

Produce/ Speciality	Rank in India
Wheat	3
Infrastructure Facilities**	1

** reference IBEF

National Parks :

Sl.No.	Name of National Park	Special Species (if any important)	Important Remarks
1	Harike Pattan Wetland and Bird Sanctuary	—	One of largest wetland in north India. It is India’s major landlocked fish market of fresh water and a shelter for a variety of wild animals.
2	Jhajjar Bachauli Wildlife Sanctuary	home to predators like leopard, jackal, etc. Sambars, barking deer	near Anandpur Sahib
3	Takhni-Rehmapur Wildlife Sanctuary	Pangolin, Mongoose, Barking Deer, Wild Boar, Jackal, Hog Deer	Scattered by an area of 382 hectares at the hoof of Shivalik Range of Himalayas passing through Ropar.

Important Dams, Rivers and Lakes:

Dams

Sl.No.	Dam	River	Nearest City	Purpose/Project
1.	Ranjit Sagar Dam	Ravi	Pathankot	Irrigation+ Hydroelectric+ Flood Control
2.	Siswan Dam	Siswan Khad	Kharar	Flood Control+ Irrigation
3.	Jainti Dam	Soonk	Kharar	Flood Control +Irrigation

Rivers

Sl.No.	River	Remarks
1	Sutlej River	originates from Rakshasthal Lake adjacent to Mount Kailash in Tibet.
2	Beas River	Beas River merges with Sutlej Riverat Harike Pattan situated towards Amritsar
3	Ravi River	This river is also the border river of India and Pakistan and flows in the northern side of Lahore city. famous Indus civilization, Harappa, and one of its utmost cities was situated close to the earlier route of this River

Lakes

Sl.No.	Lake	Located in/near
1	Sukhna Lake	Chandigarh
2	Harike Lake	Ferozpur
3	Kanjli Lake	Kapurthala

Important Power generation plants:

Sl.No.	Plant/Project	Type/Category
1	Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Plant, Bhatinda	Thermal power plant
2	Guru Gobind Singh Super Thermal Power Plant, Ropar	Thermal power plant
3	Guru Hargobind Thermal Plant, Lehra Mohabbat, Bhatinda	Thermal power plant
4	Ranjit Sagar Dam	Hydro power plant
5	Shanan Power House	Hydro power plant

Airports:

Ludhiana Sahnewal Airport- Ludhiyana
Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport- Amritsar
Bhatinda Airport- Bhisiana
Pathankot Airport- Pathankot

Folk Dances:

Bhanghra
2. Giddha Dance
3. Jhummar Dance
4. Dhumall Dance
5. Dhankara Dance

Tribes:

Sikh Jats
2. Khatri clans
3. Arora clans
4. Rajput clans

Important Regional Festivals:

Sl.No.	Festival Name	Remarks
1.	Lohri	marks the end of winter and for Punjabis
2.	Basant Panchami	the advent of spring
3.	Hola Mohalla	a gathering of Sikhs for military exercises and mock battles on the day following the festival of Holi.
4.	Baisakhi	anniversary of the founding of Khalsa
5.	Guru Purbs	held in association with the lives of the Sikh Gurus Gurupurbs celebrated are the birthdays of Guru Nanak and Guru Govind Singh and the martyrdom days of Guru Arjun Dev and Guru Teg Bahadur.
6.	Jor Mela	in the memory of Guru Gobind Singh’s two sons Zorawar Singh and Fateh Singh who were buried alive in a brick-wall
7	Hariballabh Sangeet Mela	held in Jalandhar in the memory of the sant-musician, Swami Hariballabh

Important Temples/Archaeological Monuments/Sites:

Sl.No.	Monument/Temple/Sites	Located in	Remarks
1	Golden Temple(Sri Harmandir Sahib)	Amritsar	holiest Gurdwara of Sikhism
2	Fatehgarh Sahib Gurudwara	Sahota	built on the site where 300 years ago, Guru Gobind Singhji’s two young Sahibzadas were entombed alive by the Mughals
3	Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib	Anandpur Sahib	birthplace of the Khalsa,here Guru Gobind Singh baptized 5 sikhs
4	Damadama Sahib	Bathinda	Guru Gobind Singhji stayed here for 9 months and he worked on the Adi Granth.
5	Quila Mubarak (Palace)	Patiala	palace was built by Maharaja Ala Singh in 1764
6	Jagatjit Palace	Kapurthala	architecture borrowed from the famous Fontainebleau and Palace of Versailles Today,it is run as the Sainik School and maintained by the Defense Ministry
7	Jallianwala Bagh(Historical Site)	Amritsar	On Sunday April 13, 1919, British Indian Army soldiers, commanded by Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, began shooting at an unarmed gathering of men, women, and children without warning.
8	Wagah border	Amritsar	The lowering of the flags, or the Beating Retreat ceremony is a daily military practice that the security forces of India (Border Security Force) and Pakistan (Pakistan Rangers) have jointly followed since 1959

Nick Names/Special Titles of Cities:

Sl.No.	City	Nick Name
1	Amritsar	City of Golden Temple, Holy City
2	Patiala	Royal City

Sport Stadiums:

Sl.No.	Stadium	Sport-Purpose	City
1	Guru Gobind Singh Stadium	multi-purpose stadium	Jalandhar
2	International Hockey Stadium	Hockey	Mohali
3	Punjab Cricket Association Stadium(Bindra Stadium)	Cricket	Mohali