OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS COMMON HUMAN DISEASEFlame Institute

‘Chicken pox‘ is caused by [CBSE PMT 1992]

(a) Adeno virus (b) Varicella virus

Out of the following one disease is caused by virus

[DPMT 1974; CPMT 1979]

(a) Malaria (b) Influenza

‘Dengue fever’ is caused by [CBSE PMT 1993]

(a) Bacteria (b) Plasmodium

‘Encephalitis‘ in man is a viral disease and is transmitted by

[CMC Vellore 1993]

(a) Anopheles (b) Culex

Which of the disease is not transmitted by house flies

[BHU 1985]

(a) Typhoid (b) Yellow fever

The disease caused by viruses is [CPMT 1991]

(a) Tuberculosis (b) Small pox

Which one of the following is a common disease caused by virus [CPMT 1992, 93, 94]

(a) Yellow fever (b) Typhoid

Which virus, for the first time, was synthesised in the form of non-living crystals [MP PMT 1994]

(a) Bacteriophage (b) Flu virus

The smallest virus one, which causes

(a) Measles (b) Mumps

Interferons curb infection of

(a) Bacteria (b) Fungi

Interferons are [AFMC 2002; Pb. PMT 2000; DPMT 2003]

(a) Antiviral proteins (b) Antibacterial proteins

Common symptoms of measles are

(a) Dew drop-like rashes on skin and high fever

(b) Erupting of small red spots and inflammation of mucous membrane of nose

(d) None of the above

The region in the body where the polio virus multiplies is

(a) Nerve cells (b) Intestinal cells

The biological agents of disease include

(a) Minerals, vitamins, proteins and carbohydrates

(b) Viruses, bacteria, fungi, helminths and other organisms

(d) All the above

The pathogen of bubonic plague is transmitted through the bite of [CPMT 1993]

(a) Pediculus humanis (b) Glossina palpalis

A kind of allergy is [MP PMT 1995]

(a) Asthma (b) Yellow eyes

Mumps is a [KCET 1994]

(a) Viral disease (b) Fungal disease

A cell–coded protein that is formed in response to infection with most animal viruses is called [CBSE PMT 1994]

(a) Antigen (b) Interferon

Pulse–Polio programme is organised in our country

[AFMC 1996]

(a) To cure polio (b) To eradicate polio

Which one of the following is a pair of viral disease

[CBSE PMT 1996]

(a) Tetanus and typhoid

(b) Syphillis and AIDS

(d) Measles and rabbies

In human beings retrovirus is considered as a cause of cancer because [CBSE PMT 1996]

(a) In their genome oncogene is present

(b) Their hereditary material made up of single stranded RNA

(d) In their genome there may be cellulor proto oncogene

AIDS is a [MP PMT 1997, 2000]

(a) Cancer (b) Virus borne disease

The carrier of virus causing human yellow fever is

[MP PMT 1998]

(a) Mosquito (b) Bug

Against which of the following does interferon act

[MP PMT 1998]

(a) Bacteria (b) Virus

If a person shows production of interferons in his body, the chances are that he has got an infection of

[CBSE PMT 1997]

(a) Typhoid (b) Measles

Which of the following disease is now considered nearly eradicated from India [CBSE PMT 1997]

(a) Plague (b) Kala azar

Dengue is transmitted by [AFMC 1997; CPMT 1998]

(a) Culex (b) Male Anopheles

Diseases caused by bacteria

‘Leprosy’ is caused by

[CBSE PMT 1991; MDAT Bihar 1995]

(a) Mycobacterium (b) Salmonella

‘Cholera’ is caused by [DPMT 1992]

(a) Virus (b) Bacteria

Widal test is used for susceptibility of [BHU 1982]

(a) Malaria (b) Cholera

‘Tuberculosis’ is caused by [BHU 1986]

(a) Bacterium (b) Virus

‘Diphtheria’ disease is connected with [AFMC 1986]

(a) Lungs (b) Liver

Symptoms of diphtheria is [BHU 1986]

(a) Suffocation (b) Hydrophobia

‘Syphilis‘ is a sexually transmitted disease caused by

[MP PMT 1996]

(a) Treponema pallidum (b) Leptospira

Vibrio cholerae is a motile bacteria belonging to the group of

[CBSE PMT 1990]

(a) Monotrichous (b) Lophotrichous

The disease due to inflammation of vermifrom appendix of the digestive system is known as [CBSE PMT 1988]

(a) Amoebic dysentery (b) Appendicitis

‘Plague’ is transmitted by [CPMT 1984; BHU 1980]

(a) House fly (b) Tse–tse fly

The test for ‘syphilis’ was developed by [AIIMS 1988]

(a) Robert Koch (b) Edward Jenner

Which one of the following sets includes the bacterial disease [DPMT 1986; Pb. PMT 2000]

(a) Cholera, typhoid, mumps

(b) Tetanus, tuberculosis, measles

(d) Diphtheria, leprosy, plague

Which is a water–borne disease [MP PMT 1994]

(a) Small pox (b) Malaria

The causative agent of tuberculosis is

[MP PMT 1994; J&K CET 2002]

(a) Salmonella (b) Pneumococcus

The disease called Vishuchika in Ayurveda is

(a) Cholera (b) Diphtheria

Leprosy is diagnosed by which of the following set of symptoms

(a) Fever, loss of pigmentation

(b) Deformity of fingers, scales, ulcers, loss of pigmentation, wasting of body parts

(d) White spots on the skin without any scales or ulcer

Different species of the bacterium Mycobacterium cause

(a) T.B. and tetanus (b) T.B. and leprosy

Salmonella typhosa causes

(a) An acute infection of intestine that causes high fever and weakness

(b) Enlargement of spleen and pain in stomach

(d) All of these

Leprosy is communicated by

(a) Contact with the diseased parts

(b) Prolonged contact with the diseased parts

(d) None of these

Which one of the following causes plague [CBSE PMT 1995]

(a) Salmonella typhimurum (b) Trichinella spiralis

Yersinia pestis is responsible for [CBSE PMT 1995]

(a) Plague (b) Whooping cough

Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched

[CBSE PMT 1995]

(a) Dangue fever – Arbovirus

(b) Plague – Yersinia pestis

(d) Sleeping sickness Trypanosoma gambiense

‘Black death’ is related with [MP PMT 1995]

(a) Plague (b) Cancer

The main reason why antibiotics could not solve all the problems of bacteria mediated diseases is [CBSE PMT 1994]

(a) Insensitivity of the individual following prolonged exposure to antibiotics

(b) Inactivation of antibiotics by bacterial enzymes

(d) The development of mutant strains resistant to antibiotics

Cholera patient is administrated by ’saline drip’ because

[CBSE PMT 1996]

(a) ions are essential for the transport of substances across the membrane

(b) ions are helpful to conserving water in the body

(d) Cl^– ions is significant component of blood plasma

Biological name of insect (vector) carrying the plague

[MP PMT 1997; BVP 2003]

(a) Xenopcylla cheopis (b) Anopheles mosquito

Which of the following is an STD [MP PMT 1997, 98]

(a) Measles (b) Syphilis

Koch’s postulates are not applicable to [CBSE PMT 1999]

(a) T.B. (b) Leprosy

Diphtheria is caused by [CBSE PMT 1997; AFMC 1999]

(a) Bacteria (b) Virus

Tetanus disease is caused by [CPMT 2004]

(a) Virus (b) Bacteria

Cholera, leprosy and diptheria are [Pb. PMT 2004]

(a) Bacterial diseases (b) Viral diseases

Match the following bacteria with the diseases and choose the correct option [Kerala 2004]

	Column I		Column II
A.	Treponema pallidum	1.	Plaque
B.	Yersinia pestis	2.	Anthrax
C.	Bscillus anthrasis	3.	Syphilis
D.	Vibrio	4.	Cholera

(a) A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4 (b) A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4

Diseases caused by protozoa

The malignant tertian malaria is caused by

[DPMT 1985; AIIMS 2000]

(a) Plasmodium vivax (b) Plasmodium falciparum

Malaria is transmitted by ’Anopheles’. This was discovered by [DPMT 1985]

(a) A. Laveran (b) Ronald Ross

‘Trypanosomiasis’ is transmitted by or Carrier of Trypanosoma in man is

[DPMT 1992; AFMC 1983; CPMT 1973;

MP PMT 1996, 98]

(a) House fly (b) May fly

Entamoeba gingivalis is found in buccal cavity of man. It causes [CPMT 1973, 75]

(a) Pyorrhoea (b) Amoebic dysentery

Quinine an important drug for treatment of malaria, is extracted from [CPMT 1977]

(a) Calyx of Cinnamon (b) Brak of Cinchona

The disease caused by Entamoeba gingivalis is transmitted by [DPMT 1985]

(a) Flies

(b) Kissing

(d) Kissing and using the same bowl

‘Glossina palpalis‘ is a vector for [CBSE PMT 1992]

(a) Dengue (b) Filariasis

All the diseases are spread by housefly except

[CBSE PMT 1992]

(a) Leprosy (b) Dysentery

Malarial parasites could be best obtained from a patient

(a) An hour before rise of temperature

(b) When temperature rises with rigor

(d) Few hours after the temperature reaches to normal

‘Amoebiasis‘ (amoebic dysentery) is caused by

[CPMT 1977, 78, 95; MP PMT 1993, 95;

CBSE PMT 1992; RPMT 1995]

(a) Plasmodium vivax (b) Entamoeba gingivalis

Vector for ‘kala azar’ disease is

[CPMT 1971, 86; MP PMT 2002]

(a) Sand fly (b) House fly

Which of the following set is of vector host [CPMT 1977]

(a) Sand fly, deer fly, tse–tse fly, house fly

(b) Frog, lizard, snack, rabbit

(d) Sand fly, frog, house fly

Tse-tse fly is a vector for sleeping sickness which transmits the infective stage of which of the following parasite

[CPMT 1976, 81]

(a) Leishmania donavani (b) Plasmodium falciparum

‘Quartan fever’ is caused by

[Bihar 1995; RPMT 1995; MP PMT 2001]

(a) P. vivax (b) P. malariae

Plasmodium vivax causes

(a) Benign tertian malaria (b) Malignant fever

Time between successive hyperthermic condition in quatern fever is

(a) 12 hours (b) 24 hours

Schuffner’s dots are related to [JIPMER 1993]

(a) R.B.C. of man

(b) Leucocytes of frog

(d) Entamoeba histolytica

‘Black water fever‘ is a very serious complication of

[CMC Vellore 1993; RPMT 1995]

(a) P. ovale (b) P. falciparum

The secondary host of malaria parasite is [MP PMT 1994]

(a) Male culex (b) Male anopheles

Enteritis, a widespread disease in India and its infection occurs by [MP PMT 1994]

(a) Viruses

(b) Mosquito bite

(d) None of the above

Kala azar is caused and transmitted respectively by

[MP PMT 1994, 2003; CPMT 2002;

AIIMS 2003; AFMC 2001]

(a) Leishmania and Phlebatomus

(b) Trypanosoma and sand fly

(d) Trypanosoma and Glossina palpalis

African sleeping sickness or Gambiense fever is caused by

[DPMT 1984; AFMC 1985; MP PMT 2002;

AFMC 2003; KCET 2000]

(a) Entamoeba (b) Trypanosoma

The vector for causing sleeping sickness in man is

[MP PMT 1993]

(a) House fly (b) Mosquito

Which of the following diseases is endemic

(a) Common cold (b) Amoebiasis

On which day, we celebrate ’Malaria Day’

(a) 5th June (b) 15th August

Incubation period in case of malarial parasite is

[CPMT 1998]

(a) 10–11 days (b) 20 days

Symptoms of shigellosis, a diarrhoeal disease are

(a) Frequent passage of stools with blood and mucus

(b) Severe cough and sputum

(d) Severe abdominal pain and vomiting

Mapacrine and pelludrine are used to cure which disease

[CPMT 1995]

(a) Plague (b) Malaria

Which of the following does not cause a disease in human beings [RPMT 1995]

(a) Entamoeba coli (b) Plasmodium ovale

Which of the following causes malaria [MDAT Bihar 1995]

(a) Plasmodium (b) Hook worm

Which of the following is the infective stage of the malarial parasite (Plasmodium)

[CPMT 1974, 80; AFMC 1985;

MP PMT 1993, 2001; Manipal 1995]

(a) Gametocyte (b) Merozoite

Which one of the following is found in the mouth of human beings [MP PMT 1995]

(a) Entamoeba histolytica (b) Entamoeba coli

Entamoeba gingivalis lives in the [JIPMER 1994]

(a) Intestine (b) Colon

One of the following is an intracellular parasite of man

[KCET 1994]

(a) Ancylostoma (b) Plasmodium

Infection of Entamoeba histolytica can be checked by

[CPMT 1996]

(a) Bathing before taking meals

(b) Covering the food articles

(d) Washing the vagetables before their con_sumption

Who discovered malarial parasite [CPMT 1996]

(a) Ronald Ross (b) Leveran

Which of the following is a parasite protozoan

(a) Entamoeba histolytica (b) Paramecium cardatum

Schizont is a stage in the life history of malaria parasite occurring in

(a) RBCs

(b) Stomach of Anopheles

(d) Blood of Anopheles

Which of the following has only one host

(a) Entamoeba histolytica (b) Plasmodium vivax

Malaria is caused by

(a) Ascaris (b) Foul air

Which disease is caused by a flagellate

(a) Sleeping sickness (b) Dysentery

Oral cancer may be caused by

(a) Smoking (b) Running

Plasmodium in man is innoculated by [MP PMT 1997]

(a) Anopheles male and female

(b) Anopheles male

(d) Culex female

‘Malaria’ a common disease world wide is caused by a

[MP PMT 1997]

(a) Bacterium (b) Virion

Malaria parasite completes its life-cycle in [MP PMT 1997]

(a) One host (b) Two host

Metabolic waste responsible for malaria fever is called

[MP PMT 1997]

(a) Haemozoin (b) Haematin

Haemozoin is a toxic substance formed in case of malaria. It is produced by [MP PMT 1999; RPMT 1999]

(a) Globin protein of RBC (b) Colour pigment of RBC

Chloroquine is used for treatment of [CPMT 1998]

(a) Malaria (b) Tetanus

Malaria is spread by [CPMT 1998, 2002]

(a) Male Culex (b) Female Culex

The fish used for control of malaria is [CPMT 1998]

(a) Gambusia (b) Rohu

The protozoan found in colon of human is [CPMT 1998]

(a) P. vivax (b) A. egypti

A person sufferring from malaria feel fever when

[CPMT 1998]

(a) Exoerythrocytic cycle is completed

(b) Signet ring stage is formed

(d) All the above

Match the incorrect pair [AFMC 1997]

(a) Xenopsylla – Plague

(b) Pediculus – Typhoid

(d) Stegomyria – Yellow fever

‘Amoebiasis’ (Amoebic dysentery) is caused by

[CPMT 1977. 78, 95; MP PMT 1993, 95;

CBSE PMT 1992; RPMT 1995; BVP 2004]

(a) Plasmodium vivax (b) Entamoeba gingivalis

Kala – azar disease is causes by [MP PMT 2004]

(a) Trypanosoma gambiense (b) Wuchereria bancrofti

Cerebral malaria is caused by [MP PMT 2004]

(a) Plasmodium vivax (b) Plasmodium ovale

Which of the following is not correctly matched

[CBSE PMT 2004]

(a) Aedes aegypti – Yellow fever

(b) Anopheles culifacies – Leismaniasis

(d) Culex pipiens – Filariasis

Fever in malaria is due to [CPMT 2004]

(a) Entry of sporozoites into blood capillaries

(b) Entry of merozoites into liver cells

(d) Entry of cryptomerozoites into red blood cells

Diseases caused by helminthes

Which of the following is a helminth disease

[AFMC 1982, 83, 86]

(a) Filaria (b) Filariasis

Chenopodium oil is used in [AFMC 1985]

(a) Tuberculosis (b) Typhoid

‘Enterobiasis’ disease is caused by [CBSE PMT 1988]

(a) Filaria worm (b) Hook worm

Which of the following insects transmits relapsing fever

[DPMT 1984]

(a) Drosophila (b) Apis

Louse is ectoparasite of [CPMT 1977]

(a) Fish (b) Snack

Parasite which is vector host also is [CPMT 1971]

(a) House fly (b) Fasciola

Cause of ’cysticercosis’ is

(a) Semi-cooked meat of pig

(b) Contaminated water and food

(d) Virus

Filarial larva can be collected from man’s [CBSE PMT 1993]

(a) Smears of intestinal contents

(b) Peripheral blood at midnight

(d) Biopsy of liver

Which disease is caused by a nematod [AIIMS 1993]

(a) Leprosy (b) Poliomyelitis

Infection of Ascaris usually occurs by

[BHU 1985; MP PMT 1996]

(a) Imperfectly cooked pork

(b) Tse–tse fly

(d) Contaminated water and vegetables

Filaria germ is a kind of [JIPMER 1994]

(a) Bacteria (b) Helminthes

The accumulation of excess fluid in tissue space is called

[CPMT 1991; DPMT 1986]

(a) Hodgkin’s disease (b) Parkinson’s disease

Which of the following is a matching pair of the vector and the disease

(a) Culex –Filariasis (b) Housefly – Yellow fever

Disease caused by the biting of Culex mosquito is

[CPMT 1995]

(a) Filariasis (b) Dengue fever

Filaria is transmitted by

[BHU 1995; JIPMER 1994; MP PMT 1999]

(a) Male anopheles (b) Male culex

The study of worms which cause parasitic infestations in man is called [Manipal 1995]

(a) Helminthology (b) Herpetology

Elephantiasis (Filariasis) in man is caused by

[CPMT 1980; Manipal 1995]

(a) Ancylostoma duodenale (b) Ascaris lumbricoides

Which one spreads filaria [MP PMT 1995]

(a) House fly (b) Bed bug

Which of the following pairs is correct [CPMT 1998]

(a) House fly–Yellow fever

(b) Bed bug – Kala azar

(d) Culex – Filariasis

Filariasis is caused by [CPMT 1998; Pb. PMT 1999]

(a) Wuchereria (b) Amoeba

Wuchereria bancrofti is transmitted by [CPMT 1998]

(a) Sand fly (b) Tse-tse fly

Rocky mountain fever is caused by [AFMC 1997]

(a) Virus (b) Fungi

Diabetes millitus and Cardiovascular diseases

Which of the following is related to heart disease

(a) Cushing’s syndrome (b) Edward’s syndrome

Which one of the following can help in the diagnosis of genetical basis of a disorder [BHU 2003]

(a) ELISA (b) ABO Blood group

Which of the following diseases is not related to circulatory system [AFMC 1986]

(a) Hypertension (b) Coronary thrombosis

The disease characterised by extreme muscular weakness and brownish pigmentation of buccal cavity and skin is

[CPMT 1991]

(a) Cushing’s syndrome (b) Addison’s disease

Which is not a gene linked disease

(a) Haemophilia (b) Deltonism

The presence of RBC in urine is known as

(a) Hematuria (b) Urolithiasis

Cause of ‘Erythroblastosis foetalis’ may be [BHU 1977]

(a) Adjoining of RBC (b) Bleeding

A non-infectious unnatural and unusual reaction of a person to any substance or condition for which he is hypersensitive is termed as [AIIMS 1993]

(a) Infection (b) Immunity

Congenital diseases are those which [CMC Vellore 1993]

(a) Occur during life time

(b) Are deficiency diseases

(d) Are spread from man to man

The disease as a result of prolonged clotting time is due to the lack of plasma thromboplastin component (PTC) necessary to the formation of thromboplastin, is

[CBSE PMT 1988]

(a) Christmas disease (b) Hypoprothrombincamia

Examples of congenital diseases are [BHU 1985]

(a) Alkaptonuria, albinism

(b) Albinism, sickle cell anaemia

(d) All the above

Sickle cell anaemia is due to [BHU 1988]

(a) Deficiency of vitamin B

(b) Deficiency of iron in the blood

(d) Increase in the number of leucocytes in the blood

The disease Erythroblastosis foetalis in human embryo is caused due to [MP PMT 1988]

(a) Disadjustment of blood groups

(b) Disadjustment of Rh factor

(d) None of the these

Haemophilia is [CBSE PMT 1989; BHU 1990]

(a) A type of mosquito lacking haemocoel

(b) The royal disease

(d) (b) and (c) both

Hereditary disease condition in which the blood fails to coagulate [NCERT 1982]

(a) Sickle cell anaemia (b) Leukemia

‘Christiaan Barnard’ is known for

(a) Discovery of polio vaccine

(b) First surgical transplantation of human heart

(d) Synthesis of gene

A denoid is the disease in which

(a) Glandular tissue at the back of nose enlarges

(b) Spleen enlarges

(d) Tonsils enlarges

‘Thala test’ is done for the confirmation of

(a) Malaria (b) Cholera

Which of the following diseases is known as auto immune thyroiditis/thyroid’s suicide

[RPMT 1995; MP PMT 2001; BHU 2002]

(a) Addison’s disease (b) Cretinism

Diabetes mellitus is due to lack of

(a) Insulin in circulating blood

(b) Starch in food

(d) ADH reaching the kidney

The ECG method is needed to detect abnormalities in heart for

(a) Coronary thrombosis (b) Heart attack

Treatment with ‘Alloxan’ destroys [AIIMS 1998]

(a) STH cells

(b) Beta–cells of islets of Langerhans

(d) Cells of Leydig

In sickle–cell anaemia, which of the following amino acids is substituted [AFMC 1997]

(a) Glutamic acid by valine in chain

(b) Valine by glutamic acid in chain

(d) Valine by glutamic acid in chain

Neurons of people suffering from diabetes insipidus do not secrete [Orissa jee 2004]

(a) Enzyme (b) Steroid

Diabetes mellitus takes place only when [DPMT 2004]

(a) a-cells of pancreas are in excess

(b) b-cells of pancreas are in excess

(d) b-cells of pancreas are in hypo

Arthrites and Cancer

‘Blood cancer’ is also known as

[DPMT 1992; CBSE PMT 1995]

(a) Leucopenia (b) Leucoderma

The process of spreading the cancerous cells to distant site is known as

(a) Hyperstasis (b) Metastasis

The nucleus of cancerous cells becomes

(a) Degenerated (b) Hypertrophied

Ribosomes of cancerous cells fuse together to form

(a) Ribosome complex (b) Polyribosomes

If a muscle fails to give stimulation action and there is much ingestion of lactic acid, the condition is termed as

(a) Paralysis (b) Tonus

Harmful ultraviolet radiations from sun cause

(a) Breast cancer (b) Liver cancer

Cancer cells are more easily damaged by radiation than normal cells because they [CMC Vellore 1993]

(a) Are undergoing rapid division

(b) Are starved by nutrition

(d) None of the above

Cancer is related to [DPMT 1984; MP PMT 1996]

(a) Uncontrolled growth of tissues

(b) Non-malignant tumor

(d) None of these

Arthritis is the disease of

(a) Inflammation of abdomen

(b) Inflammation of joints

(d) Inflammation of neck

The most common cancer in men in India is

(a) Lung cancer (b) Throat cancer

Gouts, a painful disorder of joints is due to

(a) Damage caused to ligaments

(b) Injury to tendon

(d) Deposition of uric acid at joints

Which is not cancer [MP PMT 1995]

(a) Leukaemia (b) Glaucoma

A metastatic cancerous tumour is termed ’sarcoma ‘ if the disorder is in [CBSE PMT 1994]

(a) Immune system (b) Epithelial cells

In which stage of cancer does metastitia occur

(a) III stage (b) II stage

Chemicals, which can induce cancer are called

(a) Mutagenic agents and produce benign tumour

(b) Carcinogens and produce non-malignant tumour

(d) Carcinogens and produce malignant tumour

Cell division or mitosis is a normal process in a living cell, but sudden and abnormal mitosis in an organ will frequently result in a

(a) Zygote (b) Gastrula

Blood cancer is excess production of leucocytes. It is

(a) Haemorrhage (b) Haemolysis

The spread of cancerous cells to distant sites is termed as

[MP PMT 1997]

(a) Mutation (b) Malignancy

Which of the following is the cancerous state of blood

[MP PMT 1998]

(a) Chloremia (b) Leukemia

Which disease is caused by activation of oncogenes

[MP PMT 1999]

(a) Cholera (b) Cancer

Spread of cancerous cells to distant sites is termed as

[MP PMT 1999]

(a) Metastasis (b) Oncogenes

Which type of cancer is found in lymph nodes and spleen

[CBSE PMT 1999; MP PMT 2003]

(a) Carchroma (b) Sarcoma

Which of the following will be curable in next two decades

[CBSE PMT 1997]

(a) Cancer (b) Poliomyelitis

Oncogenes were discovered by [AIEEE 2004]

(a) S.B. Prussiner

(b) F.P. Rous

(d) J.M. Bishop and H.E. Vermus

Cancer cells are characterized by [MP PMT 2004]

(a) Uncontrolled growth

(b) Invasion of local tissue

(d) All the above

The genes concerned with the production of cancer are called [BVP 2004]

(a) Cancer genes (b) Carcino genes

Benign tumour is the one which [MH-CET 2004]

(a) Shows metastasis

(b) Differentiated and capsulated

(d) Differentiated and noncapsulated

Degenerative diseases are those which develop due to

[Kerala CET 2002]

(a) Malfunction of hormones

(b) Degeneration of tissues

(d) Degeneration of the infected organs

‘Pathogens’ are

(a) Substances produced against any disease causative

(b) Chemical substances produced by the host cells to kill the parasite animal

(d) Cells which kill the parasites

Sickle cell aneamia is more common in South Africa. This is due to [BHU 1986, 88]

(a) Change in beta–chain of haemoglobin

(b) More population of house flies

(d) Change in gamma–chain of haemoglobin

‘Bacillary dysentery’ is caused by [AIIMS 1988]

(a) Salmonella (b) Shigella

‘Haemophilia’ disease is caused due to lack of [BHU 1988]

(a) ADH (b) STH

Which test confirms the scarlet fever [AIIMS 1988]

(a) Dick test (b) ECG

A condition of failure of function of kidney to form urine is [Delhi PMT 1984]

(a) Creatinine (b) Hematuria

‘Asthama’ is due to [DPMT 1985]

(a) Infection of trachea

(b) Infection of lungs

(d) Spasm in bronchial muscles

Symptoms of oedema is [DPMT 1990]

(a) Swelling of body part especially the legs

(b) Pain in the chest

(d) Pain in the right leg

Cushing’s syndrome which is characterised by wasting of limb muscles and accumulation of fat in the trunk region is due to hypersecretion of [CPMT 1991]

(a) Corticosteroid (b) Adrenalin

ADH is secreted from the posterior lobe of pituitary and its deficiency leads to

(a) Diabetes mellitus (b) Conn’s syndrome

In sickle cell anaemia, the death is caused when the lethal genes are present in [AIIMS 1992]

(a) Heterozygous condition

(b) Homozygous dominant condition

(d) Co–dominant condition

If the IIIrd nerve is damaged, it will lead to

[CBSE PMT 1990]

(a) Loss of accomodation

(b) Dilation of pupil

(d) All of these

Grave’s disease is caused by the hypersecretion of thyroid hormone and is associated with the

(a) Enlargement of the thyroid gland

(b) Increased BMR and increased nervous activity

(d) All of the above

Albino condition is found in which human race

[CPMT 1977]

(a) All races (b) White race

Filaria, malaria, dengue fever, sleeping sickness, yellow fever are transmitted by [DPMT 1986]

(a) Mosquitoes (b) House flies

Which of the following organisms is known to form abscesses in human liver, lungs, brain etc. [AIIMS 1993]

(a) Entamoeba histolytica (b) Monocystis

Black lung disease is common among

(a) Coal miners

(b) Refinery workers

(d) Petrochemical industry workers

X- rays are used in [BHU 2003]

(a) ECG (b) EEG

‘Itaria–itaria’ disease is caused by

(a) Cadmium (b) Manganese

Which disease in children is caused by intensive use of nitrate fertiliser [MP PMT 1996]

(a) Jaundice (b) Methemoglobinemia

Cynosis refers to [AIIMS 1988]

(a) Bluish colouration of the body

(b) Reddish colouration of the body

(d) Goose flesh of the body

Sprain is caused due to excessive pulling of

(a) Ligaments (b) Muscles

Dropsy means

(a) Accumulation of the watery fluid in any part of the body

(b) Accumulation of toxins in the body parts

(d) Defective muscles of the eye

Infantile amaurotic idiocy (Tay–Sachs disease) is

(a) The result of severe protein deficiency in diet and damages the muscle development in growing children

(b) An inherited disorder in which the spinal cord and brain are severely damaged within a few months of birth leading to paralysis and mental retardation, and finally the infant’s death in 3 or 4 years

(d) A chromosomal disorder in young children

A boy happens to put his foot on a rusted nail and the doctor gives him an injection. Most likely he has given

(a) OPV (b) BCG

Epidemiology deals with the study of

(a) Mode of transmission of diseases

(b) Disease causing organisms

(d) Skin ailments

Which one of the following diseases is due to an allergic reaction [CBSE PMT 1995]

(a) Enteric fever (b) Hay fever

Kwashiorkar disease develops due to [MP PMT 1995]

(a) Malnutrition (b) Over-eating

Swollen face, mental dullness, dry skin and loss of appetite is the characteristics of

(a) Goitre (b) Acromeagly

Match the names of disease listed under column I with meanings given under column II, choose the answer which gives the correct combination of the alphabets of the columns. [KCET 2004]

	Column I (Name of disease)		Column II (Meanings)
A.	Jaundice	p	Allergic inflammation of nose
B.	Stenosis	q	Loss of motor functions
C.	Rhinitis	r	Heart valve defect
D.	Paralysis	s	Increase in bile pigments in the blood
		t	Septal defect of heart

(a) A = q; B = t; C = r; D = p

(b) A = s; B= p; C = q; D = r

(d) A = s; B = t; C = p; D = q

Dreaming occurs in [Orrisa JEE 2004]

(a) a-sleep (b) REM sleep

Infectious or communicable diseases

(a) Cannot be communicated from one man to another

(b) Can develop infection from one man to another

(d) Can spread with some intermediate host

‘Meningitis’ is a disease of

(a) Respiratory system (b) Digestive system

A disease caused by eating fish contaminated by industrial waste containing mercury compounds is known as

[CBSE PMT 1994; Kerela CET 2003]

(a) Bright’s disease (b) Minamata disease

Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of the options given below :

(a) If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion

(b) If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion

(c) If the assertion is true but the reason is false

(d) If both the assertion and reason are false

(e) If the assertion is false but reason is true

Assertion : Amoebic dysentry can be diagnosed by stool test of the patient.

Reason : Stool of the patient has tetranucleated cysts.

Assertion : Polio is known to cause paralysis and crippling in large number of children every year.

Reason : Government has started a Polio Eradication Programme.

Assertion : Tetanus can be diagnosed by Mantoux test.

Reason : In Mantoux test, the dye gives colour to tetanospasmin.

Assertion : Haemophilia is a congenital disease.

Reason : Haemophilia is caused by a gene mutation during one’s own life span.

Assertion : ORS is given to the patients suffering from cholera.

Reason : ORS contains water, minerals and sugar to avoid dehydration.

Assertion : Cattle suffering from Rinderpest disease should be isolated.

Reason : Rinderpest is caused by bacterium.

Assertion : Bordeaux mixture is able to eradicate many fungal diseases.

Reason : It is a fungicide which has proved to be effective for control of disease.

Assertion : Pork should be properly cooked to avoid Taenia

Reason : Pork of pig contains Hexacanth and cysticerci larvae.

Assertion : Rabies is also called hydrophobia.

Reason : In Rabies, the dog fears from water.

Assertion : Dye workers generally suffer from bladder cancer.

Reason : These are more exposed to a carcinogenic chemical benzpyrene.

Assertion : Epstein – Barr virus is an oncovirus.

Reason : It stimulates the growth of cancer.

Assertion : Metastatic cancers are more serious.

Reason : These spread from one organ to other body organs and there is increased interference with metabolic functioning.

Assertion : Lung cancer is more common in industrial workers.

Reason : Industrial smoke contains certain carcinogenic pollutants.

Assertion : Cancer is generally associated with a tumour.

Reason : Cancerous cells undergo uncontrolled growth and division.

Assertion : Adenoma is a sarcoma.

Reason : Adenoma is located in the adipose tissue.

Assertion : UV – rays are carcinogenic in nature.

Reason : UV – rays rupture DNA strands and induce mutations to cause cancers.

Assertion : Tobacco smoking is the main causes of lung cancer.

Reason : Tobacco smoke has a carcinogen called nicotine.

Assertion : Intake of potato chips and french fries may induce cancer development.

Reason : On heating, their carbohydrate changes into a carcinogenic chemical called acrylamide.

Assertion : Surgery has been found highly effective in lung cancer.

Reason : Resection is possible after the thoracotomy.

Diseases caused by viruses

1	a	2	c	3	c	4	a	5	b
6	b	7	b	8	b	9	d	10	a
11	b	12	a	13	b	14	b	15	c
16	b	17	b	18	b	19	a	20	d
21	d	22	d	23	a	24	b	25	b
26	b	27	d	28	a	29	a	30	b
31	b	32	d	33	d	34	b	35	a
36	b	37	b	38	c	39	a

Diseases caused by bacteria

1	a	2	b	3	d	4	a	5	c
6	a	7	a	8	a	9	b	10	c
11	c	12	d	13	d	14	d	15	a
16	b	17	b	18	d	19	b	20	c
21	a	22	c	23	a	24	d	25	a
26	a	27	b	28	b	29	a	30	b
31	a	32	b

[

Diseases caused by protozoa

1	b	2	b	3	c	4	d	5	b
6	d	7	c	8	d	9	d	10	c
11	a	12	a	13	c	14	b	15	a
16	d	17	a	18	b	19	d	20	c
21	a	22	b	23	c	24	b	25	c
26	a	27	a	28	b	29	a	30	a
31	c	32	d	33	c	34	b	35	c
36	b	37	a	38	a	39	a	40	c
41	a	42	d	43	c	44	c	45	b
46	a	47	b	48	a	49	d	50	a
51	c	52	c	53	c	54	c	55	d
56	c	57	b	58	c

Diseases caused by helminthes

1	b	2	c	3	c	4	c	5	c
6	d	7	a	8	b	9	d	10	d
11	b	12	c	13	a	14	a	15	d
16	a	17	d	18	c	19	d	20	a
21	d	22	d

Diabetes millitus and Cardiovascular diseases

1	d	2	c	3	d	4	b	5	c
6	a	7	a	8	c	9	c	10	a
11	d	12	c	13	b	14	d	15	c
16	b	17	a	18	d	19	c	20	a
21	d	22	b	23	a	24	d	25	d

Arthrites and Cancer

1	d	2	b	3	d	4	b	5	c
6	d	7	a	8	a	9	b	10	a
11	d	12	b	13	c	14	b	15	d
16	d	17	c	18	c	19	b	20	b
21	a	22	c	23	a	24	d	25	d
26	d	27	b

Critical Thinking Questions

1	c	2	c	3	a	4	b	5	c
6	a	7	c	8	d	9	a	10	a
11	d	12	b	13	c	14	d	15	a
16	c	17	a	18	a	19	c	20	a
21	b	22	a	23	a	24	a	25	b
26	c	27	a	28	b	29	a	30	d
31	c	32	b	33	b	34	c	35	b

Assertion and Reason

1	a	2	b	3	d	4	c	5	a
6	b	7	a	8	c	9	c	10	c
11	a	12	a	13	a	14	a	15	d
16	d	17	c	18	a	19	d

Diseases caused by viruses

(a) Hydrophobia or rabies is an acute, usually fatal infectious viral disease of the central nervous system of mammals. Human infection results from the bite of a rabid animal (bat, dogs, etc.).
(d) Tetanus and typhoid are bacterial diseases whereas dysentery is caused by a protozoan.
(a) Paraplegia means paralysis of the lower part of the body including the legs.
(b) Yellow fever, a viral disease is transmitted by mosquitoes of various species of Stegomyia genera.
(d) Interferons curb the infection of viruses.
(d) Bubonic plague which affects rats and men is caused by Pasteurella pestis and is transmitted by insect vector flea xenopsylla (Xenopsylla cheapis).
(b) Measles is one of the most prevalent and serious disease of children. It is caused by virus named rubeola virus. Due to infection of virus, body produces antitoxin against viral infection, which is called interferon.
(c) Small pox is an acute highly communicable disease. It is caused by virus named variola virus. Now it is nearly eradicated from India.
(a) Dengue is commonly called `bone breaking fever’ which is caused by a virus transmitted by Culex fatigans and species of Aedes mosquito.

Diseases caused by bacteria

(a) Leprosy is a communicable bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae.
(b) Cholera is caused by a bacteria Vibrio cholerae.
(d) Widal’s test is the test for the presence of agglutinins to O and H antigens of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi in the serum of patients with suspected Salmonella infection.
(a) Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
(c) Diphtheria is an acute infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae and its toxin affecting the membranes of the nose, throat or larynx.
(c) Syphillis a sexually transmitted disease (STD) is caused by Treponema pallidum.
(a) Diphtheria is a serious disease caused by bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It commonly attacks mucous membrane of nose, throat and tonsils. The symptoms include high fever, sore throat, difficulty in breathing due to chocking.

Diseases caused by protozoa

(b) Malignant tertian malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum. It is also called as aestivo–autumnal or pernicious malaria or black water fever. The fever is often fatal to the patient as it affects the brain.
(b) Ronald Ross a British scientist in 1898, showed that malarial parasite is carried by the `anopheles’ mosquito. He was awarded Nobel prize for the same in 1902.
(b) Quinine is an alkaloid obtained from Cinchona bark. It suppresses the asexual erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites and has a slight effect on the gametocytes of Plasmodium vivax and P. malariae.
(c) Gambian fever or Gambian sleeping sickness is caused by a protozoan Trypanosoma gambience and is transmitted by Glossina palpalis (tse–tse fly).
(d) Sleeping sickness is spread by tse–tse fly.
(c) Amoebiasis or amoebic dysentery is caused by the ingestion of quadrinucleate cyst of Entamoeba histolytica along with contaminated food and drinks.
(a) Kala azar is caused by a protozoan Leishmania donovani and it transmitted by sand fly Phlebotomus.
(b) Plasmodium malariae is the causitive organism of quartan malaria which is characterized by the recurrence of fever every fourth day as the duration of its erythrocytic cycle is 72 hours.
(a) Tertian, benign tertian or vivax malaria is caused by Plasmodium vivax and is characterized by recurrence of fever every third day i.e. after 48 hours. This type of malaria does not result in death of the patient and incidence of this disease is worldwide mainly in temperate regions.
(a) Schuffner’s dots or granules are small red eosinophillic granules which appear in the cytoplasm of host corpuscles during malarial infection.
(b) Black water fever is caused by Plasmodium falciparum. It is also called as aestivo-autumnal or malignant tertian malaria or pernicious malaria. The fever is often fatal to the patient as it affects the brain.
(a) Entamoeba coli a protozoan found within the lumen of colon of human beings is non–pathogenic but occasionally leads to GIT disturbances.
(c) Entamoeba gingivalis lives in the buccal cavity of man. It causes ulcers in gums; which are invaded by pus forming bacteria. Entamoeba gingivalis feeds on bacteria also.
(c) By washing the hands, we can avoid the ingestion of cysts. Cysts are responsible for infection.

Diseases caused by helminthes

(a) Culex fatigans is a biological vector for Wuchereria bancrofti.
(a) Filariasis or elephantiasis is caused by a nematode Wuchereria bancrofti which is transmitted through the bite of Culex fatigans mosquito. In this disease, there is huge enlargement of the diseased (affected) organ.
(d) Rocky mountain spotted fever is an acute rickettsial disease characterised by high fever, chills, pain in muscles and joints. It is caused by an infected tick.

Diabetes millitus and Cardiovascular diseases

(d) The patient of Patau’s syndrome often suffers from disorders of heart.
(c) PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a method for amplifying a specific region of DNA molecule and thus, can help in the diagnosis of genetical basis of disorder
(d) Diphtheria is related to respiratory system.
(b) Dr. Christiaan Barnard a South African surgeon performed first human heart transplant operation in 1967 in Capetown, South Africa. His patient survived for 18 days.

Arthrites and Cancer

(a) The most widely distributed cancer is carcinoma of lung in males of India.
(b) Glaucoma is not cancer but an abnormality of eye in which there is an increase in fluid (intra-occular) pressure which leads to permanent damage of optic nerve fibres and consequently irreversible loss of eye–sight.
(d) The cancer cells multiply by abnormal rapid and uncontrolled mitosis.
(c) Leukemia is abnormal increase in number of leucocytes which are all immature.

Critical Thinking Questions

(c) Any disease producing agent or micro-organism is termed pathogen.
(a) Sickle cell aneamia is caused by a single gene mutation in the sixth place of chain of haemoglobin where glutamic acid is replaced by valine.
(a) Due to deposition of carbon particles.
(c) CT scan is a radiographic technique where distinct images of internal structure are obtained by employing beams of X- rays.
(b) Tay–Sachs disease is the most common gangliosidosis, occuring almost exclusively among north–east European Jews and specifically characterized by infantile onset (3–6 months), doll–like facies, cherry red macular spot (90 + percent of the infants) early blindness, hyperacusis, macrocephaly, siezures and hypotonia; the children die between 2 and 5 years of age. It is caused by the deficiency of hexosaminidase A enzyme in tissue.
(c) A.T.S. in the abbreviation for antitetanic serum.
(a) Epidemiology is the study of the relationships of various factors determining the frequency and distribution of diseases in the human community.
(a) Kwashiorkar is a nutritional deficiency disease due to low protein diet.
(c) ‘Meningitis’ word is composed of `meninges‘ and `itis‘ which in greek language means membranes covering brain and spinal cord and inflammation respectively. It means inflammation of meninges.

Assertion and Reason

(a) Amoebic infection is direct and oral. The tetranucleate cysts are ingested with contaminated food water. The pathogen secretes a cytolysin enzyme which damages intestinal mucosa leading to its ulceration acute diarrhoea, blood and mucus in the stools so we can diagnosed by stool test of the patient.
(b) Polio is misnomerly called in fantile paralysis pulse – polio programme was started in December 1995 in India. In this programme babies in the age group of 0 – 5 year are vaccinated with oral polio vaccine. It was aimed to eradicate this crippling disease by the end of 20th century.
(d) Tetanus caused by the bacillus Clostridium tetani. Montex test is performed to determine susceptibility of tuberculosis.
(a) ORS is oral dehydration solution used for correcting dehydration caused by diarrhoea in all age groups. One liter of ORS contains 1.5 gm glucose, 3.5 gm NaCl, 2.9 gm KCl and 2.9 gm trisodium. Citrate and ORS given to the patients who is suffering from cholera.
(a) Fungal disease like mycosis and thrush can be controlled by using Bordaeux mixture (having copper sulphate).
(c) Human infection is direct and oral. It occurs by eating raw or under – cooked measly pork (Pig muscle with cysticercus larvae of taenia). Infection in vegetarians occurs through improperly washed vegetable. So proper cooking of pork and properly washed vegetable to avoid taenia infection.
(c) Rabies is a disease caused by a rabies virus. It other name of rabies is hydrophobia. The patient fear from water, then he paralysed and death.
(c) Bladder cancer is caused by certain dyes. It is most commonly reported in the worker who work in industries such as dyeing and printing where these are exposed to aniline.
(a) Oncoviruses are cancer – causing viruses and may be DNA or RNA virus e.g., Epstein – Barr – Virus, Herpes simplex type 2 virus etc. This shows that the development of cancerous tumour is associated with certain genes.
(a) Metastasis is the process of transference of cancerous cells from the site of origin to distant parts of the body. Such tumours are very serious and cause the death of the patient due to increasing interference with the metabolic functions of the body and killing of more and more normal cells.
(a) Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of certain body tissues. So forming a tumour. Cancer show uncontrolled mitotic divisions of cells causing unorganized growth.
(d) Sarcoma are malignant growths of the connective tissue. Adenoma is cancer of gland adenoma is located in the gland.
(d) Ionising radiation’s like X-rays, gamma – rays and particulate radiations from radio active substance are known to rupture DNA stands and induce mutations to cause cancers.
(c) Cigarette and cigar tobacco smoking causes lip, mouth, and lung cancers due to presence of a carcinogenic agent, benzpyrene and N – nitrosodimethylene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Nicotine is the substance that causes addiction to tobacco.
(a) Recently Dr. Leif Busk of sweden reported that when high carbohydrate food like potato chips and french fries are heated then a carcinogenic chemical called acrylamide, us formed.