What is the effect of destruction of wild life [KCET 2000]
(a) Flood
(b) Soil erosion
(c) Green house effect
(d) Gene for disease resistance cannot be obtained
Arboretum is
(a) A forest patch
(b) A piece of social forestry
(c) Botanical garden with trees and shrubs
(d) Botanical garden with cacti and herbs
Those species whose populations have been seriously depleted and whose ultimate security is not assured are known as
(a) Threatened species(b) Endangered species
(c) Vulnerable species(d) Rare species
A threatened species is [Orissa 2003]
(a) Only endangered species
(b) Only vulnerable species
(c) Endangered and rare species
(d) Endangered, vulnerable and rare species
The famous ’Chipko Movement’ was started by
(a) Bahuguna (b) Rajeev Gandhi
(c) Indira Gandhi (d) Salim Ali
Which Indian state has named all its tourist resorts after different birds [CBSE PMT 1995]
(a) Assam (b) Kerala
(c) Andhra Pradesh (d) Haryana
New ‘Wild Life Protection Act‘ was passed in
[Manipal 2003; Orissa 2003]
(a) 1962 (b) 1972
(c) 1982 (d) 1987
A tiger will think twice before attacking this animal, even though it is alone. Which is it
(a) Nilgai (b) Wild dog
(c) Wild Buffalo (d) Chital
Which monkey is active during the night and rest during the day
(a) Lion tailed Macaque (b) Nilgiri langur
(c) Bonnet Macaque (d) Gorilla
Elephant is an inhabitant of hot climate. This is suggested by
[CPMT 1971]
(a) Huge size (b) Fleshy feet
(c) Almost hairless skin (d) Small eyes
While at ease, some monkeys spend their sometime for searching something in each others fur which they eat up. Actually they search for
(a) The ticks attached to body fur
(b) The body lice
(c) The salt granules that deposit when perspiration dries up
(d) The dust particles which entangled with fur
Which of the following has become extinct in India
[RPMT 1995]
(a) Lion (b) Tiger
(c) Two horned Rhino (d) Dodo
Khaziranga wild life sanctuary is famous for
[BVP 2002; KCET 2004]
(a) Tiger (b) Musk deer
(c) Elephant (d) Rhino
Which is the first national park established in India
[BHU 2005]
(a) Bandipur national park (b) Corbett national park
(c) Kanha national park (d) Periyar national park
Flamingoes reproduces in [CBSE PMT 1996]
(a) Chilka lake (b) Sambhar lake
(c) Kutch (d) Mansarovar
Which one of the following pair is correctly matched to the wild life and national park
[CBSE PMT 1996; MP PMT 2003]
(a) Rann of Kutch – Wild ass
(b) Gir forest – Tiger
(c) Manas – Elephant
(d) Corbett park – Asiatic lion
The species which are very few in number in the world are known as
(a) Living fossils (b) Endangered
(c) Threatened (d) Rare
Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of the options given below :
(a) If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
(b) If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
(c) If the assertion is true but the reason is false
(d) If both the assertion and reason are false
(e) If the assertion is false but reason is true
Assertion : Biodiversity loss is now one of the world’s most pressing crisis.
Reason : Lower diversity in a species leads to non uniformity.
Assertion : Alpha diversity is said to be higher if the dissimilarity between communities is higher.
Reason : Alpha diversity is a measure of diversity between the communities.
Assertion : A sanctuary is formed for the conservation of animals only.
Reason : Restricted human activities are allowed in sanctuaries.
Assertion : Red data book has a record of all animals.
Reason : Endangered species are need to be noticed.
Assertion : Great Indian Bustard is a rare species.
Reason : Vulnerable species are rare species.
Assertion : National parks are meant for the welfare of the wild life.
Reason : National parks are controlled by State Governments.
Assertion : Indian elephants are confined to Terai and the foot hills.
Reason : Elephants are herbivores and needs plenty of water.
Assertion : Tiger is not an endangered animal in India.
Reason : Project Tiger was launched to improve tiger population.
Assertion : A biosphere reserve is a specified area.
Reason : No restriction on human activities has been imposed in biosphere reserve.
Assertion : Pitti island of Lakshadweep is a sanctuary.
Reason : Lions are protected in Pitti island.
Assertion : Bird ringing was carried in Harike Pattan Sanctuary.
Reason : Bird ringing was helpful in bird census.
Biodiversity and Wild Life Conservation
1
b
2
c
3
b
4
d
5
c
6
b
7
b
8
c
9
c
10
b
11
b
12
d
13
b
14
d
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d
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b
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d
18
c
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d
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c
21
a
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a
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c
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d
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b
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a
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a
28
d
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d
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d
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b
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a
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b
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a
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a
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d
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d
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c
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d
40
c
41
a
42
a
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b
44
d
45
c
46
d
47
a
48
a
49
a
50
a
51
a
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b
53
c
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c
55
b
56
c
57
d
58
a
59
c
60
c
61
d
62
b
63
c
64
d
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a
66
d
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d
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b
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a
70
c
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b
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c
73
a
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b
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c
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a
77
c
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a
79
c
80
d
81
c
82
b
83
b
84
c
85
b
86
a
87
a
88
d
89
d
90
a
91
c
92
c
93
b
94
a
95
a
96
a
97
c
98
a
99
b
100
d
101
b
102
a
103
c
104
d
105
c
106
a
107
d
108
b
109
b
110
d
111
d
112
c
113
c
114
c
115
c
116
d
117
d
118
a
119
d
120
b
121
c
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c
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c
124
b
125
c
126
b
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c
128
a
129
d
130
b
131
c
132
a
133
d
134
b
Critical Thinking Questions
1
a
2
a
3
d
4
c
5
b
6
d
7
a
8
d
9
b
10
c
11
d
12
c
13
c
14
c
15
d
16
b
17
a
18
a
19
d
Assertion and Reason
1
c
2
d
3
a
4
e
5
d
6
c
7
a
8
a
9
c
10
c
11
a
Biodiversity and Wild life Conservation
(b) Species restricted to small area are called endemic.
(c) The list of endangered species of plants and animals is given in Red Data Book.
(b) Wild life week is celebrated on monday of first week of October.
(c) Habitat destruction is most dangerous to wild life because habitat provide suitable atmosphere for survival of wild life.
(b) Gene banks are large collections of germ plasm representing materials from various parts of the world. In our country, NBPGR (National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources), New Delhi is maintaning gene banks of different crop atoms.
(d) IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) maintains a red data book in which list of endangered species of plants and animals has been given.
(b) Ecotone is the transition zone between 2 communities, habitats e.g. forest, grassland. The increased number of species in the region of ecotone is called as edge effect and the species is called as edge species.
(d) In September 2002, India has 581 protected areas of National parks, Sanctuaries covering 4.7% land surface against 10% internationally through this act.
(c) Largest region is Deccan, Peninsula and most biodiversity rich region is Western Ghats (4%) with a very large number of endemic amphibian species.
(c) Preservation at –196° (liq. N2) can maintain tissue culture, embryos, animal cells/tissues, spermatogoa, etc. is called as cryopreservation. It is an ex-situ, conservation method i.e. conservation of organism outside their natural homes other ex-situ conservation methods are – off site collection and genebanks.
(a) Wild life comprises all the living organisms in their natural habitats which are neither cultivated nor tamed.
(c) The wildlife is protected in their natural habitat. This is called as in-situ conservation. But when wild life is allowed to develop under protection, in areas, than natural habitats such as zoos, botanical gardens etc. This is called as ex-situ conservation.
(a) Alpha diversity is also known as -index diversity or within community diversity.
(d) The Lemurs are the inhabitants of Madagascar and the Comoro Island.
(c) Taxa whose number have been reduced to a critical level or whose habitats have been so drastically reduced that they are deemed to be immediate danger of extinction are called endangered animals, e.g. lion tailed macaque, corcodile, musk deer, rhino, etc.
(c) Biosphere reserves are multipurpose protected area which are meant for preserving genetic diversity in representative ecosystems of various natural biomes and unique biological communities.
(b) Hippopotamus is a large, thick-skinned, herbivorous pig -like animal found in rivers and forests of central and equatorial West Africa.
(b) A biosphere reserve is basically divided into three zones
(i) Core zone – It lies at centre where no human activity is allowed.
(ii) Buffer zone – In this zone limited human activities are allowed.
(iii) Manipulative zone – In this zone multiple human activities are allowed.
(a) Spider monkey is the name for a number of South American monkeys with long legs and long prehensile tail.
(a) Habitat alteration and natural habitat causes the destruction of breeding grounds, shelter and sources of food.
(d) Corbett National Park named after well known sportsman and writer Jim Corbett is situated in the foot hills of Himalaya in Nainital district of U.P. It covers an area of about 525 sq.km. This is the first national park of India and is famous for tigers.
(d) Kaziranga National Park situated in Sibsagar and Nowgong districts of Assam covers approximately 430 sq.km. area and is famous for one – horned rhinoceros of India.
(c) Lion is the main protected wild animal of Gir Sanctuary Gujarat.
(c) Kanha National Park situated in Mandla district of M.P. is the largest wild life reserve in the country. It covers approximately 940 sq.km area and is famous for tigers. It came into existence in 1933 and was declared national park in 1955. It is one of the 9 national parks selected by Government of India for ‘Project Tiger’
(d) Dudhwa National Park is located in Uttar Pradesh. Currently Rhinoceros are reintroduced in this park.
(b) Falling of trees destroys the natural habitat. It decreases the wild – life number.
(b) Endangered species of mammal is about 62, while in reptiles and birds are 6 and 11 respectively.
Critical Thinking Questions
(a) Brazil hosted the first world earth summit on conservation of plants.
(d) Rhinocerosunicornis (Rhino) are protected in Kaziranga sanctuary at Sibsagar, Jorhat in Assam which was started in 1987.
(a) Wild ass sanctuary is situated at Rann of Kutch, Surendra Nagar, Gujarat.
(d) Rare species are species with naturally small population, either localised or thinly scattered.
Assertion and Reason
(c) The occurrence of different kinds of organism reflects the biological diversity. The term biodiversity refers to the totality of genes, species and ecosystem of a region. The living world abounds with enormous biodiversity. Biologically-rich and unique habitat are being destroyed, fragmented, and degraded due to problems caused by increasing human population resource consumption and pollution. Biodiversity loss is now one of the world’s most pressing crisis. The primary reason for the concern is the realisation that biological diversity is being lost even before its size is known. Loss of biodiversity would check the evolutionary capability of biota to cope up with environmental changes. How to check the loss of species and erosion of gene pool is one of the major challenges to science. Biodiversity includes three hierarchial levels – Genetic Diversity, Species Diversity and Community and Ecosystem Diversity.
Genetic diversity refers to the variation of genes within species. It enables a population to adapt to its environment and to respond to natural selection. If a species has more genetic diversity, it can adapt better to the changed environmental conditions. Lower diversity in a species leads to uniformity, as is the case with large monocultures of genetically similar crop plants. This has advantage when increased crop production is a consideration, but can be a problem when an insect or a fungal disease attacks the field and poses a threat to the whole crop.
(d) The occurrence of different kinds of organisms reflects the biological diversity. The term biodiversity refers to the totality of genes, species, and ecosystem of a region. Biodiversity includes three hierarchial levels : (i) Genetic diversity (ii) Species diversity (iii) Community and ecosystem diversity. Diversity at the level of community and ecosystem `has three perspectives which are called Alpha, Beta and Gamma diversity. Alpha diversity (within-community diversity) refers to the diversity of organisms sharing the same community/habitat. A combination of species richness and equitability/evenness is used to represent diversity within a community or habitat. Species richness is the number of species per unit area. The number of species increases with the area of the site. Generally, greater the species richness, greater is the species diversity. However, number of individuals among the species may also vary, resulting into differences in evenness or equitability and consequently in diversity. Species frequently change when habitat or community changes. The rate of replacement of species along a gradient of habitats or communities is called beta diversity (between-community diversity). Higher the heterogeneity in the habitats in a region or greater the dissimilarity between communities, higher is the beta diversity. Diversity of the habitats over the total landscape or geographical area is called gamma diversity.
(a) A sanctuary is an area which is reserved for the construction of wild animals only operations such as harvesting of timber, collection of minor forest products and private ownership rights are allowed, however, such activities should not have any adverse effect on animals.
(e) Red data book contains a record of species of an area which are known to be in danger. Endangered species are need to be noticed because only after that the planning for their protection and improving their population can be given the proper direction.
(d) Rare species are those which have small population in the world. They are usually confined to limited areas or are thinly scattered over a more wide area. Great Indian Bustard are the species which are in danger of extinction, hence are endangered species. Black buck population is likely to be in danger of extinction, hence vulnerable.
(c) A National park is an area which is strictly reserved for the welfare of wild life. No human activities are allowed there. Central Governments control them but are administered by State Government.
(a) Indian elephants (Elephan maximus) is the largest terrestrial mammal and is confined to the Terai and the foot hills because of its dependence on succulent grass, bamboo and plenty of water.
(a) There are 21 tiger reserves in India. To save the tiger from extinction in India Project Tiger was launched on April 1, 1973. This project planned to create tiger reserves in selected areas of India. Due to this effort considerable improvement has been observed in tiger population.
(c) A biosphere reserve is a specified area in which multiple use of the land is permitted by dividing it into zones, each for a particular activity. These zones are
(i) Core (no human activity is there),
(ii) Buffer (limited human activity is permitted),
(iii) Manipulation zone (several human activities can occur in this zone).
(c) The Pitti island in Lakshadweep has been declared as a protected bird sanctuary under its wild life act. It is populated by exotic birds.
(a) Bird ringing or banding is fixing an identifying ring or band to a bird’s leg indicating the time and place of the bird’s visit. It is useful in bird census. It was carried out at Harike by Bombay Natural History Society from 1980 to 1985.
(a) Aseptate and multinucleate (b) Septate and multinucleate (c) Aseptate and uninucleate (d) Septate and uninucleate Answer. (b) The mycelium of Aspergillus consist of branch septate hyphae. Cells of hyphae are multinucleate. (185)
(a) Parenchyma (b) Chlorenchyma (c) Plectenchyma (d) Collenchyma Answer. (c) Plectenchyma (Pseudoparenchyma) is nothing but the interwoven mass of fungal mycelium which in cross-section look like parenchyma. (108)
(a) Colletotrichum falcatum (b) Phytophthora infestans (c) Potato mosiac virus (d) Alternaria solani Answer. (b) Late blight of potato is a seed born disease which is caused by Phytophthora infestans. The disease is characterised by brownish to blackish dead areas …
