(a) Class – phylum – tribe – order – family – genus – species
(b) Division – class – family – tribe – order – genus – species
(c) Division – class – order – family – tribe – genus – species
(d) Phylum – order – class – tribe – family – genus – species
A unicellular organism often considered connecting link between plants and animals is
[JIPMER 1985, 98; AFMC 1997]
(a) Monocystis (b) Paramecium
(c) Euglena (d) Entamoeba
An attribute found in plants but not animals is [MP PMT 1986]
(a) Metabolism (b) Sexual reproduction
(c) Autotrophy (d) Asexual reproduction
Systema Naturae was written by [CPMT 1991, 93]
(a) Lamarck (b) Cuvier
(c) Aristotle (d) Linnaeus
The suffix-oideae is used for [DPMT 1992]
(a) Tribe (b) Family
(c) Class (d)Subfamily
Mayr’s biological concepts of species is mainly based on
[BHU 1994, 97]
(a) Morphological traits
(b) Reproductive isolation
(c) Modes of reproduction
(d) Morphology and reproduction
Two morophologically similar populations are intersterile. They belong to [BHU 1994, 97, 2000; Kerala PMT 2005]
(a) One species (b) Two biospecies
(c) Two sibling species (d) None of the above
Which one possess characters of both plants and animals
[CBSE PMT 1995]
(a) Bacteria (b) Mycoplasma
(c) Paramecium (d) Euglena
Distinction of prokaryota and eukaryota is mainly based on
[MP PMT 1995, 98]
(a) Nucleus only (b) Cell organelles only
(c) Chromosomes only (d) All the above
Algae with photosynthetic pigments possess nutrition
[AMU 1997; Manipal 1997]
(a) Holozoic (b) Saprophytic
(c)Holophytic (d) Parasitic
In five kingdom classification which kingdom incorporates prokaryotes
(a) Protista (b)Monera
(c) Myxophyceae (d) Myxomycophyta
Which kingdom incorporates photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs and heterotrophs
(a) Monera (b) Protista
(c) Plantae (d) Both (b) and (c)
Biochemical resemblance is generally used for the identification of which group of individuals
(a) Fungi (b)Monera
(c) Protista (d) Plantae
In five kingdom classification actinomycetes are include in
(a) Monera (b) Protista
(c) Animalia (d) Fungi
In the five kingdom system of classification, which single kingdom out of the following can include blue-green algae, nitrogen fixing bacteria and methanogenic archaebacteria
[CBSE PMT 1998; Pb. PMT 1998]
(a) Monera (b) Fungi
(c) Plantae (d) Protista
Floral features are commonly used for identification of angiosperms because [CBSE PMT 1998]
(a) Reproductive parts are more conservative
(b) Flowers can be safely pressed
(c) Flowers are nice to work with
(d) Flowers have various colours and scents
Two similar holotypes are called [BHU 1997]
(a) Mesotypes (b) Meotypes
(c) Syntypes (d)Isotypes
Binomial system of nomenclature for plants is effective from
[JIPMER 1997]
(a) 5.8.1771 (b) 1.5.1753
(c) 1.8.1758 (d) 6.7.1736
A system of classification that is based on evolution, order and ancestry is known as [Pb. PMT 1998; Orissa 2002]
(a) Natural system (b) Analogous system
(c) Phylogenetic system (d) Homologous system
Characteristics which delimit a family are more general than those which delimit a [JIPMER 1999]
(a) Cohort (b) Phylum
(c) Class (d) Genus
First great taxonomist was [BHU 1999]
(a) Linnaeus (b) Hooker
(c) Aristotle (d) Engler
Holophytic nutrition occurs in [MP PMT 2000]
(a) Amoeba (b) Entamoeba
(c) Euglena (d) Giardia
Latest classification of biological kingdoms has been proposed by [BVP 2001]
(a) Linnaeus (b) Haeckel
(c) Whittaker (d) John Ray
Which of the following is less general in characters as compared to genus [CBSE PMT 2001]
(a) Species (b) Family
(c) Class (d) Division
What is correct [Manipal 2001]
(a) Apis indica (b) trypasoma gambiense
(c) Ficus Bengalensis (d) Mangifera indica
Which covers the largest number of organisms
[Kerala PMT 2001]
(a) Genus (b) Family
(c) Phylum (d) Class
(e) Order
Which of the following is not taxon but a category
[MHCET 2000]
(a) Division (b) Angiosperms
(c) Polypetalae (d) Hibiscus
Chemotaxonomy is connected with [MHCET 2001]
(a) Classification of chemicals found in plants
(b) Use of phytochemical data in systematic botany
(c) Application of chemicals on herbarium sheets
(d) Use of statistical methods in chemical yielding plants
Descending arrangements of categories is called
[MH CET 2001]
(a) Classification (b) Taxonomy
(c) Hierarchy (d) Key
Holotype is [Pb. PMT 2001]
(a) Specimen used by author as nomenclature type
(b) Specimen referred alongwith original description
(c) Duplicate of nomenclature type
(d) Specimen selected from original when nomenclature type is missing
Keystone species are [Pb. PMT 2001]
(a) Species belonging to same period
(b) Species that determine structure of biotic community
(c) Species reproducing sexually
(d) Species recorded only in the fossil state
Nicotiana is [Haryana PMT 2001]
(a) Variety (b) Subspecies
(c) Species (d) Genus
Which one is not a category [BVP 2002]
(a) Species (b) Class
(c) Phylum (d) Glumaccae
In hierarchical classification class is interpolated between
[Chd. CET 2002]
(a) Family and genus (b)Phylum and order
(c) Order and family (d) Kingdom and phylum
Binomial nomenclature is [Chd. CET 2002]
(a) Two words in name of a species
(b) Two names local and specific
(c) Two names of a species
(d) Two phases, asexual and sexual, in the life cycle of a species
A true species consists of a population [CBSE PMT 2002]
(a) Sharing the same niche
(b) Interbreeding
(c) Feeding over the same food
(d) Reproductively isolated
Species are considered as [CBSE PMT 2003]
(a) Real units of classification devised by taxonomists
(b) Real basic units of classification
(c) The lowest units of classification
(d) Artificial concept of human mind which cannot be defined in absolute terms
Biosystematics aims at [CBSE PMT 2003]
(a) Identification and arrangement of organisms on the basis of their cytological characteristics
(b) The classification of organisms based on broad morphological characters
(c) Delimiting various taxa of organisms and establishing their relationships
(d) The classification of organisms based on their evolutionary history and establishing their phylogeny on the totality of various parameters from all fields of studies
Phenetic classification of organisms is based on
[CBSE PMT 2004]
(a) Dendogram based on DNA characteristics
(b) Sexual characteristics
(c) Observable characteristics of existing organisms
Who published the book Species Plantarum and provided a basis for classification of plants [BHU 1990; AIEEE 2004]
(a) Charles Darwin (b) Robert Hook
(c) Carolus Linnaeus (d) Anton Leeuwenhoek
Which of the following taxonomist described classification of plant kingdom in “Families of flowering plants” [CPMT 2004]
(a) Cronquist (b) Takhtajan
(c) Benson (d) Hutchinson
Cohort is a group of correlated [MHCET 2004]
(a) Species (b) Genera
(c) Families (d) Order
Angler and Prantel published a phylogenetic system in monograph [Kerala CET 2005]
(a) Dienaturlichen Pflanzen familien
(b) Historia plantarum
(c) Species plantarum
(d) Genera plantarum
(e) Origin of species
Barophilic prokaryotes [CBSE PMT 2005]
(a) Grow slowly in highly alkaline frozon lakes at high altitudes
(b) Occur in water containing high concentrations of barium hydroxide
(c) Grow and multiply in very deep marine sediments
(d) Readily grow and divide in sea water enriched in any soluble salt of barium
Modern system of classification classified organisms in ……. Kingdom [Haryana PMT 2005]
(a) One (b) Two
(c) Four (d) Five
Classification based on chromosome number is
[BCECE 2005]
(a) Cytotaxonomy (b) Numeral taxonomy
(c) Karyotaxonomy (d) Biochemical
Which names are regarded legitimate
(a) Which were first proposed
(b) Which are very popular
(c) Which have their holotypes
(d) All the above
Hierarchical classification means
(a) To divide division into classes
(b) To divide classes into orders
(c) To divide orders into families
(d) To rank things one above the other
Hutchinson’s system of classification was revised in
[DPMT 2003]
(a) 1995 (b) 1959
(c) 1954 (d) 1946
In five kingdom classification land plants are classified under
(a) Bryophyta, pteridophyta and spermatophytes
(b) Bryophyta and trachaeophyta
(c) Embryophyta and spermatophyta
(d) Bryophyta and archaegoniatae
Group embryophyta includes
(a) Bryophyta (b) Pteridophyta
(c) Spermatophyta (d) All the above
A species is defined as ‘‘the group of actually or potentially inter-breeding natural population producing fertile offspring and reproductively isolated from such other groups’’. The above statement is given by [MP PMT 1997]
(a) Carolus Linnaeus (b) Mayr
(c) J.B. lamarck (d) Charles Darwin
Phylogeny tells about [MP PMT 1998]
(a) Life history of animals
(b) Group of phyla
(c) Evolutionary history of a species from its ancestors
(d) Castes of files
According to latest knowledge the most accepted species concept is
(a) Typological species concept
(b) Nominalistic species concept
(c) Genetic species concept
(d) Polytypic species concept
Karyotaxonomy is the modern branch of classification which is based on [MP PMT 1999]
(a) Number of chromosomes
(b) Bands found on chromosomes
(c) Organic evolution
(d) Trinomial nomenclature
The total number of species included in the animal kingdom are about [CBSE PMT 1992]
(a) 1 million (b) 2 million
(c) 10 million (d) 1 billion
Static concept of species was put forward by
[CBSE PMT 1988]
(a) De Candolle (b) Linnaeus
(c) Theophrastus (d) Darwin
In a scientific name, the name of author is printed in
[CPMT 1989]
(a) Italics (b) Bold (antics)
(c) Roman (d) Capital letters
The scientist who created the group Protista for both unicellular plants and animals is [BHU 1982; AIIMS 1993]
(a) Haeckel (b) Pasteur
(c) Lister (d) Koch
“Taxonomy without phylogeny is similar to bones without flesh” is the statement of [CBSE PMT 1994]
(a) Oswald Tippo (b) John Hutchinson
(c) Takhtajan (d) Bentham and Hooker
Specimen used for original publication by the author is
[AIIMS 1996]
(a) Holotype (b) Isotype
(c) Syntype (d) Lactotype
The correct hierarchical order is [Wardha 2002]
(a) Kingdom, genus, class, phylum and division
(b) Phylum, kingdom, genus, species and class
(c) Kingdom, phylum, class, genus and species
(d) Phylum, division, family, genus and class
Which is the most useful but generally not used criteria for the identification of the species
(a)Interbreeding (b) Morphology
(c) Genetic material (d) None of the above
Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of the options given below :
(a) If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
(b) If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
(c) If the assertion is true but the reason is false
(d) If both the assertion and reason are false
(e) If the assertion is false but reason is true
Assertion :Phylogeny is the developmental history of a species.
Reason : Species is the basic unit of taxonomy
Assertion :Whittaker’s classification for algae is not acceptable.
Reason : Whittaker grouped algae in different kingdoms.
Assertion :Chemotaxonomy is classifying organisms at molecular level.
Reason : Cytotaxonomy is classifying organisms at cellular level.
Assertion :Whittaker did not include unicellular green algae in protista.
Reason : Distinction between unicellular and multicellular organisms is not possible in case of algae.
Assertion :Systematics is the branch of biology that deals with classification of living organisms.
Reason : The aim of classification is to group the organisms. [AIIMS 2002]
Assertion :Acraniata is a group of organisms which do not have distinct cranium.
Reason : It includes small marine forms without head. [AIIMS 1997]
Assertion :To give scientific name to plant, there is ICBN.
Reason : It uses articles, photographs and recommendations to name a plant.
[Haryana PMT 2000]
Assertion :Name of organisms are generally given in Latin.
Reason : Latin language has names for all organisms.
Assertion :The hierarchy includes seven obligate categories.
Reason : Intermediate categories are used to make taxonomic positions more informative.
Assertion :The species is reproductively isolated natural population.
Reason : Prokaryotes cannot be kept under different species on the basis of reproductive isolation.
Assertion :Members of different races cannot interbreed.
Reason : Race is a group of individuals within a species.
(c) Nomenclature (Nomen = name; clature = to call) is giving distinct scientific names to various structures, including living organisms, so they can be easily identified.
(c) Numerical taxonomy (Phenetics) is also called adansonian taxonomy. In numerical taxonomy as many characters as possible are employed for evaluating degree of similarity and differences. All characteristics used in analysis are given equal weightages and importance.
(a) Taxonomy based on all available information and attempting to classify organisms, according to their origin, evolution and variation is called classical taxonomy. A taxonomist engaged in studying origin, evolution, variations and classification of organisms is called classical taxonomist.
(d) Original specimen is called holotype and the duplicate of holotype is termed as isotype.
(a) The closely related orders are grouped into a class (named as a taxonomical rank in classification) which have least similar organisms to another.
(a) Family is a taxonomic category between the division and order. It includes one or more genera. It suffix is ‘aceae’.
(a) According to bionomial system of nomenclature the name of plant and animal is composed of two latin or latinized word. e.g., Potato is Solanum tuberosum. The first word (Solanum) indicate the generic name and second word (tuberosum) denotes the specific name.
(b) Species occupies a key position in classification. It is a basic unit of classification/taxonomy.
(a) Hierarchy was first given by Linnaeus who used only five categories – class, order, genus, species and variety. The last one was discarded and three added so that now there are seven obligate categories.
(d) In botanical nomenclature of plants generic name always being with capital letter and the specific name with a small letter and printed with italics.
(c) In the natural system of classification organisms are arranged according to their natural affinities through the use of all important permanent. Characteristics such as structural, cytological, reproductive and biochemical. The characters are useful in bringing out homology.
(c) In phylogenetic systems of classification. Organisms are arranged according to their evolutionary relations.
(a) The ‘Binomial system of nomenclature’ was explained by carl Linnaeus in his book ‘species plantarum’ in 1753. According to this system name of any organism/plant consist of two words. First represents its ‘genera’ and second its ‘species’.
(b) Two parts of scientific name are genus and species.
(a) Linnaeus system of classification is considered as artificial because it is based only on one or two character of plants.
(a) Phylogeny deals the inter-relationship of particular group to their ancestors.
(c) In five kingdom classification of Whittaker eukaryotes were assigned to only four of the five kingdom. Prokaryotes are includes in kingdom – monera.
(a) According to five kingdom classification, single cellular eukaryotes come under protista and single cellular prokaryotes come under monera. Thus all single unicellular organisms belong to these two groups.
(d) Gymnosperms and angiosperms both are grouped under phanerogams because both are bearing seeds.
(b) Angiosperms flowering plants constitute the dominating terrestrial flora of the world is known as spermatophyta.
(d) Genus is a group of similar species. All species of some genus are surely similar in some characters. These characters are not found in different species.
(a) In parazoa the animal body is formed of many cell but the cells show no co-ordination to form tissue.
(a) Aristotle (384 – 322 B.C.) the ‘Father of Zoology’. He is also considered as the ‘Founder of taxonomy’ because he divided animal kingdom into two group; i.e., Enaima (vertebrates with red blood) and Anaima (invertebrates with no red blood).
(b) Monera contains the most primitive living forms which are basically unicellular prokaryotes.
(a) Two or more species living in same geographical area due to ecological barrier and they fail to interbreed. Such species are called sympatric species.
(d) The term new systematics was introduced by Sir Julian Huxley in 1940.
(c) Sometimes organisms of same species differ from each other as they are adapted for different kinds of environment. In such cases species are again divide in to subspecies.
(b) Carolus Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature in his tenth edition of ‘system naturae’.
(d) R.H. Whittaker (1969), an American ecologist, divide all the organisms into five kingdoms.
(c) Because modern system of classification based on binomial nomenclature of organisms.
(b) The language used in writing the name of animals is latin because in whole world there would be only one name for one animal.
(b) An individual of a species can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
(c) Natural system of classification based on the large number of morphological characters and natural affinities of organism.
(a) Zoological name of a organism is made up of two word first is generic name and second is specific name.
(b) Four kingdom (Plantae, animalia, protista and monera) classification was developed by Copeland (1956). The main drawback of this system is that fungi are not properly placed.
(b) Cytotaxonomy based on information about cytological structure, chromosomes numbers, structure and behaviour during meiosis and cell organelles.
(d) Division is a major group in the Linnean hierarchy used in the classification of plant (equivalent to phylum in animal classification). The suffix of division is – phyta.
(d) Species inhabiting different geographical areas called allopatric species.
(b) Identification is assigning an organism its correct name and placing it in its proper taxonomic category.
(d) Experimental taxonomy based on the experimental determination of the genetic relationship, environmental impact and evolutionary divergence within a group.
(b) Taxonomy is a branch of biology which deals with the study of principles and procedures of classification, nomenclature and identification. The term taxonomy was coined by De Candolle (1813).
(c) Autotrophy is a characteristics of plants.
(d) In 1735, Carolus Linnaeus published the first edition of his classification of living things in his Systema Naturae.
(d) In plants the family end in the suffix-aceae and subfamily is-oideae while in animals the suffix are idae for family, – inae for subfamily.
(b) Mayr defined species as group of interbreeding natural population that are reproductively isolated from each other group.
(c) Sibling species : True species which do not interbreed but are otherwise difficult to separate on the basis of morphological characters alone.
(c) Algae with photosynthetic pigment possess photosynthetic (holophytic) nutrition.
(b) Monera includes only prokaryotic creatures.
(a) Because monera includes bacteria in which a few are photoautotrophs e.g., green sulphur bacteria, a few are chemoautotrophs e.g., Nitrosomonas and rest are heterotrophs e.g., Bacillus sp.
(a) Because they are prokaryotes.
(c) Because Euglena is a photosynthetic organism.
(d) Because Mangifera indica is a correct representation of scientific name. According to bionomial nomenclature.
(c) In phylum included one or more related classes. All the classes of a phylum possess some common correlated traits. So the phylum covers the largest numbers of organism.
(b) Because phylum, class and species are taxonomic category.
(c) Term species was coined by John Ray in 1693.
(c) Carolus Linnaeus classification was published (1753) in two volume book ‘species plantarum’. Which include 7300 plant species.
(d) John Hutchinson put forward a classification on phylogenetic lines in the book “families of flowering plants”.
(c) Cohort is a group of correlated families. According to Bentham and Hooker’s classification.
Critical Thinking Questions
(d) Hierarchy (G. Hierarches = rank) is an system in which member of a type are organised in ranks one above the other.
(a) Hutchinson’s systems of classification (1884-1972) are the best known phylogenetic system. It was revised in 1995.
(b) In bryophytes vascular tissue are absent and in tracheophyta vascular tissue are present.
(d) Embryophyta means those plants which have well developed embryo from which new plant originates.
(d) Species that contain two or more subspecies are called polytypic species.
(b) Karyotaxonomy is based up on nucleus and band on chromosomes.
(a) Currently 1.7 million living organisms are known to science. Out of these 1.2 million are animals and about 0.5 million plants.
(b) The static concept of species was given by Linnaeus in systema naturae.
(c) In a scientific name, the name of author is printed in Roman. e.g., Mangifera indica linn, the linn. stand for Linnaeus.
(a) A German biologist Ernst Haeckel created a third kingdom protista in 1866 for unicellular organism such as bacteria, protozoans Algae and fungi.
(a) Holotype is a original type specimen from which the description of a species is established.
Assertion and Reason
(b) Phylogeny is the developmental history of a species or a group of species. Species is the basic unit of taxonomy. It is a natural population of individuals or group of population which resemble one another in all essential morophological and reproductive characters so that they are able to interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring.
(a) In Whittaker’s classification, algae are grouped in three kingdoms – Monera (blue-green algae), Protista (dinoflagellates, diatoms, euglenoids) and Plantae (red algae, brown algae and green algae). Through plant kingdom of Whittaker is often called metaphyta or multicellular plants, the algae included in this kingdom also contain a number of unicellular and colonial forms. The most accepted classification of algae is given by Fritch. He classified all algae into 11 classes.
(b) All the members of a species have similar karyotype (cytotaxonomy) – there is similarity in the number, size, shape and behaviour of chromosomes. At the molecular level there is similarly in the types of proteins, enzymes, hormones and other biochemicals.
(a) A distinction between unicellular and multicellular organisms is not possible in case of algae in Whitaker’s system. It is because of this that unicellular green algae have not been included in kingdom protista.
(b) Systematics is related with classification of organisms. In classification the organisms are grouped on the basis of their characters or phylogeny, etc.
(b) Acraniata includes marine forms without head or cranium. They lack jaws, vertebral column, paired appendages.
(a) Anyone can study, describe, identify and give a name to an organism provide certain rules are followed. This rules are formed and standardised by International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). It uses articles, photographs and recommendations.
(c) The original names were taken from Latin and Greek languages. New names are now derived either from Latin language or are latinised. This is because Latin language is not in use anymore and, therefore, it will not change in form or spelling with the passage of time.
(b) The hierarchy includes seven obligate categories – kingdom, division or phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. In order to make taxonomic position of species more precise, certain categories have been added to this list. They are called intermediate categories, e.g., subkingdom, superphylum or superdivision, superclass, subclass, superorder, suborder, superfamily, subfamily, tribe, subspecies, variety etc.
(b) The species is genetically distinct and reproductively isolated natural population. Sexual reproduction is absent in prokaryotes and some protists. In such cases morphological differences, cytotaxonomy and chemotaxonomy are resorted to.
(e) Race is a group of individuals within a species forming a nearly permanent breed. Except for geographical or spatial barriers, members of different races can freely interbreed.
(e) A category is a rank or level in the hierarchial classification of organisms. Taxon is a unit in classification which may represent any level of grouping of organisms based on certain common characteristics. There is some confusion in the use of taxon and category. for example Bryophyta is a taxon while division is a category.
(a) Aseptate and multinucleate (b) Septate and multinucleate (c) Aseptate and uninucleate (d) Septate and uninucleate Answer. (b) The mycelium of Aspergillus consist of branch septate hyphae. Cells of hyphae are multinucleate. (184)
(a) Parenchyma (b) Chlorenchyma (c) Plectenchyma (d) Collenchyma Answer. (c) Plectenchyma (Pseudoparenchyma) is nothing but the interwoven mass of fungal mycelium which in cross-section look like parenchyma. (104)
(a) Colletotrichum falcatum (b) Phytophthora infestans (c) Potato mosiac virus (d) Alternaria solani Answer. (b) Late blight of potato is a seed born disease which is caused by Phytophthora infestans. The disease is characterised by brownish to blackish dead areas …
