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Diversity of Life | Monera | Questions

  1. In bacteria [AFMC 1982]

(a)   DNA is enclosed in nucleus

(b)   DNA is scattered

(c)   DNA is double stranded and ringed

(d)   None

  1. The chief component of bacterial cell wall is [MP PMT 1989]

(a)   Cellulose and chitin

(b)   Cellulose and pectin

(c)   Amino acids and polysaccharides

(d)   Cellulose and carbohydrates

  1. Bacteria whose cell has only a curve/comma is

 [CPMT 1990, 93; EAMCET 1995]

(a)   Vibrio                                      (b)   Cocci

(c)   Spirilli                                    (d)   Bacilli

  1. The main difference between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria lies in the composition of

[CBSE PMT 1990, 2001]

(a)   Cilia                                         (b)   Cell wall

(c)   Neucleolus                            (d)   Cytoplasm

  1. Muramic acid is present in the cell wall of

                    [CPMT 1983, 88; Pb. PMT 1999; BHU 2000; KCET 2001]

(a)   Bacteria                                 (b)   Green algae

(c)   Yeast                                       (d)   Rhizopus

  1. Chemosynthetic bacteria are those bacteria [DPMT 1981]

(a)   Which carry out photosynthesis

(b)   Which synthesize food without light

(c)   Which are unable to carry out chemical process

(d)   Which carry out photosynthesis in absence of light

  1. The hydrogen donor in bacterial photosynthesis is usually

(a)   Water                                     (b)   Hydrogen sulphide

(c)   Sulphurus acid                     (d)   Ammonia

  1. Plasmids are [MP PMT 2002]

(a)   Viruses

(b)   New micro-organisms

(c)   Extra-chromosomal genetic material

(d)   None of these

  1. Which of the following is a genetic vector [BVP 2001]

(a)   Phage                                     (b)   Plasmid

(c)   Mosquito                               (d)   None of these

  1. Bacteria bearing flagella all over the body are called

[CPMT 1999; BHU 2000; MP PMT 2001; MHCET 2003]

(a)   Peritrichous                         (b)   Atrichous

(c)   Monotrichous                      (d)   Cephalotrichous

  1. The habitat of coli is

[CBSE PMT 1989, 98; EAMCET 1995]

(a)   Water                                     (b)   Colon

(c)   Soil                                          (d)   Organic food

  1. Bacterial ribosomes are called [MP PMT 1989; BHU 1989]

(a)   Autosomes                           (b)   Dictyosomes

(c)   Centrosomes                        (d)   Polyribosomes

  1. What is the nuclear material of a bacterium [BHU 1979]

(a)   Nucleic acid and histone protein

(b)   Nucleic acid and cytoplasm

(c)   Only nucleic acid

(d)   All the above

  1. Why surgical instruments are boiled in water before use

[CPMT 1980]

(a)   For killing the pathogens present on them

(b)   So that doctors can use them easily

(c)   Provides pleasure to the patient

(d)   All the saprophytes die on the operative surface

  1. Bacterial photosynthesis is very peculiar because it takes place

(a)   Without CO2

(b)   Without photosynthetic pigments

(c)   Without light

(d)   Without water

  1. Which of the following compounds are decomposed during putrefaction

(a)   Proteins                                 (b)   Fats

(c)   Carbohydrates                     (d)   None

  1. Nucleoid is present in

(a)   Bacteria                                 (b)   Virus

(c)   Slime moulds                       (d)   Fungi

  1. Which of the following can be called as genophore

(a)   A gene of Drosophila         (b)   Genes of Neurospora

(c)   Bacterial DNA                      (d)   Eukaryotic DNA

  1. Bacterial ribosomes are present [CPMT 1986]

(a)   In cytoplasm

(b)   On endoplasmic reticulum

(c)   On nuclear membrane

(d)   On cell wall

  1. Which of the following bacteria is largest

(a)   Spirillum pestis                    (b)   Clostridium volutans

(c)   Clostridium tetani               (d)   Spirillum volutans

  1. Purple sulphur bacteria are

(a)   Photolithotroph                  (b)   Photo-organotroph

(c)   Chemolithotroph                (d)   Chemo-organotrophs

  1. When cocci are present in the bunch, they are called

(a)   Diplococci                             (b)   Streptococci

(c)   Staphylococci                       (d)   Streptobacilli

  1. Nature of Bacillus rimosus is

(a)   Nitrifying                               (b)   Denitrifying

(c)   Ammonifying                       (d)   All the above

  1. Glycocalyx of fibres on some bacteria so present is made up of

(a)   Protein                                   (b)   Fat

(c)   Polysaccharide                    (d)   None of the above

  1. Chlorobium vesicle is present in

(a)   Green bacteria                     (b)   Purple bacteria

(c)   Colourless bacteria            (d)   None of the above

  1. An episome in bacteria is

(a)   Milk factor                            (b)   Co-factor

(c)   Sex factor                              (d)   None of the above

  1. Which of the following can be the use of micro-organisms

(a)   Preparation of food and food additives

(b)   Production of alcoholic beverages

(c)   Therapeutic compounds

(d)   All the above

  1. Alexander Flemming has worked on

(a)   Streptococci                          (b)   Diplococcus

(c)   Staphylococci                       (d)   All the above

  1. The bacterial genome is [Bihar MDAT 1992]

(a)   Circular                                  (b)   Filamentous

(c)   RNA–DNA hybrid                (d)   Both (a) and (b)

  1. The nitrifying bacteria are [MP PMT 1994]

(a)   Autotrophic                          (b)   Saprophytic

(c)   Parasitic                                (d)   Chemosynthetic

  1. Branched chain lipids occur in the cell membranes of

(a)   Archaebacteria                    (b)   Mycoplasma

(c)   Actinomycetes                      (d)   Streptomyces

  1. Naked DNA is that which is

(a)   Not covered by nuclear envelope

(b)   Present in cytoplasm

(c)   Associated with histone proteins

(d)   Not associated with histone proteins

  1. One of the following is not applicable to Escherichia coli

(a)   Transformation                   (b)   Transduction

(c)   Flagella                                  (d)   Diploid

  1. Bacteria are found to be primitive organism because they

(a)   Are small, microscopic which are not seen with naked eye

(b)   Cause serious diseases to human being, domesticated animals and crop plants

(c)   Produce endospores which are very resistant to adverse conditions

(d)   Possess incipient nucleus and show amitotic division

  1. In bacteria the most resistant stage is

(a)   Capsuled vegetative cell   (b)   Newly divided cell

(c)   Endospore stage                 (d)   Torula stage

  1. In coli when the flagella rotates in a clockwise and anticlockwise direction, the movements are

(a)   Jumping and hooping        (b)   Running and tumbling

(c)   Tumbling and hooping     (d)   Hooping and running

  1. What is a vector

(a)   Natural reservoir of disease

(b)   Pathogenic bacteria

(c)   Human parasite

(d)   Organism carrying and transmitting disease causing micro-organism

  1. Length of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is

(a)   0.8m                                         (b)   0.6m

(c)   1.1m                                         (d)   0.7m

  1. Salmonella is [MP PMT 2002]

(a)   Monotrichous                      (b)   Lophotrichous

(c)   Amphitrichous                    (d)   Peritrichous

  1. Spirochetes are ……. in shape

(a)   Spiral                                      (b)   Conical

(c)   Helical                                    (d)   None of the above

  1. Mycobacterium has

(a)   Transient mycelium           (b)   Extensive mycelium

(c)   Both (a) and (b)                  (d)   None of the above

  1. Myxobacteria move by

(a)   Flagella                                  (b)   Gliding

(c)   Action of axial filament     (d)   None of the above

  1. The filament of Mastigocladus laminosus is

(a)   Unbranched                         (b)   Branched

(c)   Short                                       (d)   None of the above

  1. Thiobacillus ferrodoxin liberate energy by oxidizing

(a)   Fe++ to Fe+++                          (b)   Cu+ to Cu++

(c)   Fe+++ to Fe++                          (d)   None of the above

  1. An English surgeon believed that micro-organisms of the air caused infection in the wound and to avoid the infection he used carbolic acid and hence he became, ‘The Father of Modern Antiseptic Surgery‘. He was

(a)   Edward Jenner                    (b)   Louis Pasteur

(c)   William Harvey                   (d)   Joseph Lister

  1. Fimbriae are

(a)   Organs of adhesion

(b)   Antigenic

(c)   Organs which form conjugation tube through which genetic material is transferred from donor to recipient cell

(d)   All the above

  1. Under which of the following condition a Gram positive bacteria turns Gram negative

(a)   Defective staining technique

(b)   Changed pH of medium

(c)   Aged bacterial culture

(d)   All the above

  1. A bacterium which is commonly present in the intestine of man and animal is [CPMT 1993; RPMT 1995]

(a)   Bacillus’brevis                      (b)   Escherichia coli

(c)   Streptococcus lactis            (d)   Pseudomonas citri

  1. Bacteria are made up of [Bihar MDAT 1995]

(a)   Nucleic acid                          (b)   Only proteins

(c)   Nucleic acid and proteins (d)   Nucleosides

(e)   None of these

  1. Genes for antibiotic resistance are located in

[BHU 1995; MP PMT 1998]

(a)   Chromosome                       (b)   Nucleus

(c)   Cell wall                                 (d)   Plasmid

  1. The cells of bacterium Staphylococcus remain arranged in the form of [MP PMT 1995; BVP 2002]

(a)   Plate                                       (b)   Cube

(c)   Irregular cluster                  (d)   Chain

  1. ‘Peptidoglycan’ is a characteristic constituent of the cell wall of

[BHU 1994; MP PMT 1997; AIIMS 1999]

(a)   Eubacteria and unicellular eukaryotes

(b)   Bacteria and cyanobacteria

(c)   Archaebacteria and eukaryotes

(d)   All members of ‘monera’ and ‘protista’

  1. Bacteria and other monerans do not possess

[CPMT 1991, 2000]

(a)   Ribosomes                            (b)   Mitochondria

(c)   Nucleoid                                (d)   Plasma membrane

  1. Organisms which have cells but no distinct nucleus

[EAMCET 1995]

(a)   Bacteria                                 (b)   Cyanobacteria

(c)   Both (a) and (b)                  (d)   None of these

  1. Nucleic acids in chromosomes in bacteria are

[CBSE PMT 1996; Pb. PMT 1999; AIEEE 2003]

(a)   Two types of DNA and RNA

(b)   Linear DNA

(c)   Circular DNA

(d)   Linear RNA

  1. Many bacteria bear minute hairy structures on their cell wall, these are called [AFMC 1996]

(a)   Hairs                                       (b)   Flagella

(c)   Pili                                           (d)   Cilia

  1. Which of the following are extreme halophiles and thermophiles

(a)   Bacteria                                 (b)   Cyanobacteria

(c)   Archaebacteria                    (d)   Fungi

  1. Infoldings of the plasma membrane of gram positive bacteria, gives rise to

(a)   Clathrin                                  (b)   Chondritin

(c)   Chondrioides                       (d)   Chromatin

  1. One of the major components of bacterial cell wall is a polymer called          [MP PMT 1997; AIIMS 1999]

(a)   Peptidoglycan                      (b)   Cellulose

(c)   Chitin                                      (d)   Xylan

  1. Circular DNA molecule occurs in [MP PMT 1998]

(a)   Viruses

(b)   Bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria

(c)   Bacteria and chloroplasts only

(d)   Bacteria only

  1. The cells of the bacterium Streptococcus remain arranged in the form of                                                           [MP PMT 1998]

(a)   Chain                                      (b)   Irregular cluster

(c)   Cube                                       (d)   Plate

  1. Bacterial cells can be stained with [MP PMT 1999]

(a)   Mercuric chloride               (b)   Crystal violet

(c)   Crystal violet and iodine  (d)   Safranin

  1. Mucopeptide in cell wall is more in [MP PMT 1999]

(a)   Gram-positive bacteria     (b)   Gram-negative bacteria

(c)   Cyanobacteria                     (d)   Bacteriophage

  1. An example of iron bacteria is [MP PMT 1999]

(a)   Beggiatoa                              (b)   Geobacillus

(c)   Thiobacillus                          (d)   None of these

  1. Bacteria obtaining energy from oxidation of inorganic substances are called                                                           [MP PMT 1999]

(a)   Chemolithotrophs              (b)   Photolithotrophs

(c)   Photo organotrophs          (d)   Chemo organotrophs

  1. A Dutch Scientist A.V. Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria for first time in [AMU 1985; JIPMER 1999]

(a)   Rain water                            (b)   Soil

(c)   Air                                           (d)   Garden soil

  1. Which of the following does not evolve oxygen

[CPMT 1999, 2003]

(a)   Photosynthetic bacteria   (b)   Blue-green algae

(c)   Green algae                          (d)   Autotrophic plants

  1. When a bacterium is provided with flagella arising from two opposite ends, it is called [KCET 1998; CPMT 2001]

(a)   Monotrichous                      (b)   Lophotrichous

(c)   Amphitrichous                    (d)   Polytrichous

  1. Which one of the following is correct for structure of cell wall of fungi and bacteria [CPMT 1998]

(a)   Both have glycopeptide

(b)   Both are made up of N-acetylglucosamine

(c)   Both are made up of N-acetylglucosamine and cellulose

(d)   Both are made up of chitin

  1. The DNA of coli is [CBSE PMT 1997, 98]

(a)   Single stranded and linear

(b)   Single stranded and circular

(c)   Double stranded and linear

(d)   Double stranded and circular

  1. The correct sequence of stages of growth curve for bacteria is

[Pb. PMT 1999; CBSE PMT 1999]

(a)   Decline, lag, log phase

(b)   Lag, log, stationary phase

(c)   Stationary, lag, log, decline phase

(d)   Lag, log, stationary, decline phase

  1. Photosynthetic bacteria have pigments in [RPMT 1999]

(a)   Leucoplasts                          (b)   Chloroplasts

(c)   Chromoplasts                      (d)   Chromatophore

  1. Who classified bacteria under Schizomycetes

[MP PMT 2000]

(a)   Nageli                                     (b)   Linnaeus

(c)   Leeuwenhoek                      (d)   Sadashivan

  1. Plasmids occur in [KCET 2001]

(a)   Viruses                                   (b)   Bacteria

(c)   Chloroplasts                         (d)   Chromosomes

  1. Bacteria are included in which of the following kingdoms

[AFMC 2001]

(a)   Protista                                  (b)   Plantae

(c)   Monera                                  (d)   Animalia

  1. First organisms to evolve on the earth were

[CBSE PMT 2001]

(a)   Saprotrophs                         (b)   Chemohetrotrophs

(c)   Photoautotrophs                (d)   Chemoautotrophs

  1. Which one of the following is also called haplophiles

(a)   Eubacteria                            (b)   Actinomycetes

(c)   Archaebacteria                    (d)   Cyanobacteria

  1. A mutant micro-organism unable to synthesize a compound required for its growth but able to grow if the compound is provided, is known as          [MP PMT 2001]

(a)   Auxotroph                            (b)   Prototroph

(c)   Autotroph                             (d)   None of these

  1. Smallest bacteria is [CPMT 2002]

(a)   Spirillium                              (b)   Bacillus

(c)   Dialister                                 (d)   None of these

  1. Antony Von Leeuwenhoek was first discovered bacteria. He belongs to which country [MP PMT 2002]

(a)   France                                    (b)   Swedan

(c)   Holland                                  (d)   United Kingdom

  1. Which one of the following organisms may respire in the absence of oxygen                                                           [MP PMT 2002]

(a)   Azotobacter                          (b)   Clostridium

(c)   Rhizobium                             (d)   Lactobacillus

  1. In many bacteria the cell membrane becomes invaginated and folded to form

         [MP PMT 1997; MHCET 2001; AIEEE (Pharm.) 2004]

(a)   Cristae                                    (b)   Mesosomes

(c)   Fimbriae                                (d)   Pili

  1. Bacterial flagella is made up of [AIIMS 2004]

(a)   Protein                                   (b)   Amines

(c)   Lipids                                     (d)   Carbohydrates

  1. Colourless, unicellular, cell wall bound, spherical or rod-shaped micro-organism and lacking organized nucleus is called          [CPMT 2004]

(a)   Mycoplasma                         (b)   Virus

(c)   Bacteria                                 (d)   Cyanobacteria

  1. Mesosome in a bacterial cell is [Manipal 2005]

(a)   Plasmid

(b)   Connection between two cells

(c)   Plasma membrane infolded for respiration

(d)   None of these

  1. What are episomes [Manipal 2005]

(a)   Hereditary DNA of bacterial cell

(b)   Extrachromosomal hereditary material of bacteria associated with nucleoid

(c)   Modification of the cell membrane performing respiration

(d)   None of these

  1. Which of the following statements is correct [CPMT 2005]

(a)   E.coli gram –ve bacterium while Rhizobium japonicum is gram +ve bacterium

(b)   Both E.coli and Rhizobium japonicum are gram –ve

(c)   Both E.coli and Rhizobium japonicum are gram –ve

(d)   E.coli is gram +ve, Rhizobium japonicum is gram –ve

  1. Match the following pairs correctly and choose the right combination                                                           [Kerala 2005]

Column-I                                        Column-II

A      Escherichia coli                    1.     Nif gene

B      Rhizobium melilotae          2.     Digestive hydrocarbon of crude oil

C      Bacillus thurigiensis           3.     Production of human insulin

D      Pseudomonas putida          4.     Biological control of fungal disease

  1. Bio-decomposed insectiside

(a)   A = 3, B = 1, C = 5, D = 4

(b)   A = 1, B = 2, C = 3, D = 4

(c)   A = 2, B = 1, C = 3, D = 4

(d)   A = 4, B = 3, C = 1, D = 2

(e)   A = 3, B = 1, C = 5, D = 2

Life cycle/Reproduction in bacteria

  1. Bacterial cell divides in every minute it takes one hour to fill up a cup. How much time will be taken to fill half the cup

[CPMT 1981, 84; DPMT 1982]

(a)   59 minutes                           (b)   30 minutes

(c)   60 minutes                           (d)   29 minutes

  1. Under the optimum condition of temperature and nutrition most of the bacteria divide at the interval [MP PMT 1989]

(a)   24 hours                                (b)   20 minutes

(c)   60 minutes                           (d)   5 minutes

  1. Transformation experiments using Pneumococcus bacteria led to the hypothesis that

                     [CPMT 1988; CBSE PMT 1993, 99]

(a)   DNA is the genetic material

(b)   Bacteria have sexual reproduction

(c)   Chromosomes are made up of DNA

(d)   RNA is the transfer link

  1. The process in which viruses are involved in sexual reproduction of bacteria is called

 [BHU 1977, 81; AFMC 1982; CPMT 1993, 98, 99, 2001;                                              MP PMT 1996; BHU 2000, 01; JIPMER 2001;         Haryana PMT 2005]

(a)   Transduction                       (b)   Transcription

(c)   Transformation                   (d)   Translation

  1. Bacteria commonly reproduce vegetatively by [AFMC 1988]

(a)   Binary fission                       (b)   Budding

(c)   Conjugation                          (d)   Oidia

  1. Some bacteria are not easily killed because of

[MP PMT 1986]

(a)   Chitinous wall                      (b)   Endospore formation

(c)   Presence of mesosome     (d)   High tolerance

  1. The bacteria growing on medium and the mass so formed is called

(a)   Thallus                                   (b)   Spores

(c)   Colony                                    (d)   Tissue

  1. Why the food can be kept for a longer time in cold house than in normal conditions                                                          [CPMT 1971]

(a)   Insect can not enter

(b)   Bacterial multiplication stops

(c)   Bacterial multiplication is reduced

(d)   There is plasmolysis at low temperature

  1. Why bacteria can be considered fission fungi

(a)   They show budding

(b)   They show fission

(c)   Show fission and fungal characters

(d)   Show fission and algal characters

  1. How many bacteria are produced in four hours if a bacterium divides once in half an hour [DPMT 1990]

(a)   8                                               (b)   64

(c)   16                                            (d)   256

  1. The bacteria grown in the medium containing S35 as lone source of sulphur show its incorporation into [AIIMS 1994]

(a)   DNA                                        (b)   Protein

(c)   RNA                                         (d)   None of the above

  1. There is no alternation of generation in Esche–richia coli because there is no                                                           [CBSE PMT 1994]

(a)   Syngamy                                (b)   Reduction division

(c)   Conjugation                          (d)   None of these

  1. The experimental system used in studies of the discovery of replication of DNA has been [BHU 1994]

(a)   Drosophila melanogaster  (b)   Pneumococcus

(c)   Escherichia coli                    (d)   Neurospora crassa

  1. Pili in bacteria represent [BHU 2001]

(a)   Extra-chromosomal genetic element

(b)   Protoplasmic outgrowths of donor cells

(c)   Small flagella

(d)   Special bacterial cilia

  1. In the bacterium Bacillus subtilis the cells often become attached from end to end forming long filamentous chains, which are embedded in a mass of mucilage forming a scum layer on substratum. It is called as

(a)   Palmella stage                     (b)   Torula stage

(c)   Zoogloea stage                    (d)   None of the above

  1. A bacterial cell undergoes binary fission every twenty minutes. Starting with a single bacterium how many bacteria will be produced at the end of 3 hours

(a)   128                                          (b)   256

(c)   512                                          (d)   1022

  1. Transfer of genetic information from one bacterium to another in the transduction process is through

                     [CBSE PMT 1998]

(a)   Physical contact between donor and recipient strains

(b)   Conjugation between opposite strain bacterium

(c)   Bacteriophages released from the donor bacterial strain

(d)   Another bacterium having special organ for conjugation

  1. Conjugation in bacteria was discovered by [MP PMT 2000]

(a)   Robert Koch

(b)   Schaudinn and Hoffmann

(c)   Lederberg and Tatum

(d)   Leeuwenhoek

  1. In bacteria, sexual conjugation is promoted by

(a)   R–factor                                 (b)   col–factor

(c)   F–factor                                 (d)   None of the above

  1. Sex factor in bacteria is [CBSE PMT 1996; BHU 1999]

(a)   F–replicon                            (b)   Chromosomal replicon

(c)   RNA                                         (d)   Sex pilis

  1. The sexuality in bacteria was established by [MP PMT 1996]

(a)   Lederberg and Tatum       (b)   H. J. Muller

(c)   Hargobind Khorana           (d)   Ochoa and Kornberg

  1. On the basis of which activity of bacteria it has been proved for the first time that DNA is genetic material

(a)   Conjugation                          (b)   Transformation

(c)   Transduction                       (d)   Asexual reproduction

  1. How many generations are required for a bacterium to produce 1024 cells by vegetative reproduction

(a)   256                                          (b)   10

(c)   6                                               (d)   8

  1. Transformation in bacteria was discovered by

[MP PMT 1997, 98, 2000]

(a)   Lederberg                             (b)   Griffith

(c)   Avery et al                            (d)   Tatum

  1. Penicillin inhibits bacterial multiplication because

[CPMT 1998]

(a)   It checks spindle formation

(b)   It destroys chromation

(c)   It inhibits cell wall formation

(d)   It checks RNA synthesis

  1. The process of replication in plasmid DNA, other than initiation, is controlled by [RPMT 1999]

(a)   Plasmid gene                       (b)   Bacterial gene

(c)   Cytoplasmic gene               (d)   Mitochondrial gene

  1. Bacteria reproduce sexually by [MP PMT 2000]

(a)   Endospores                          (b)   Transformation

(c)   Conidia                                  (d)   Exospores

  1. Transfer of DNA from one bacteria to another by contact is known as          [Kerala CET 2001]

(a)   Conjugation                          (b)   Transformation

(c)   Transduction                       (d)   Transcription

  1. Transformation experiment was performed on which of the following bacteria [CBSE PMT 2002]

(a)   E. coli                                      (b)   Salmonella

(c)   Pasturella pestis                  (d)   Diplococcus pneumoniae

  1. Viral genome incorporated and integrates with bacterial genomes is refer to as [AFMC 2005]

(a)   Prophages                             (b)   RNA

(c)   DNA                                        (d)   Both (b) and (c)

Economic importance of bacteria

  1. The Streptococcus lactis is responsible for

[CMC Vellore 1993]

(a)   Conversion of milk into curd

(b)   Conversion of molasses into alcohol

(c)   Tanning of leather

(d)   Flavouring the leaves of tea and tobacco

  1. A free living anaerobic bacterium capable of N2 fixation in soil is

[DPMT 1989, 93; CBSE PMT 1990; CMC Vellore 1993; RPMT 1995; MP PMT 1996]

(a)   Rhizobium                             (b)   Azotobacter

(c)   Streptococcus                       (d)   Clostridium

  1. Which of the following is free-living aerobic non- photosynthetic nitrogen fixing bacterium

[CBSE PMT 1997; BHU 2003]

(a)   Rhizobium                             (b)   Azotobacter

(c)   Nostoc                                    (d)   Azospirillum

  1. Which of the following groups of plants are highly useful in increasing soil fertility [CBSE PMT 1993]

(a)   Red algae                              (b)   Fungi

(c)   Bacteria                                 (d)   Bryophytes

  1. For the production of which of the following, the activity of the fungus or micro-organisms is not required

[MP PMT 1991]

(a)   Casein                                    (b)   Panir (Cheese)

(c)   Curd                                        (d)   Wine

  1. Root nodules contain [DPMT 1993]

(a)   Nostoc                                    (b)   Chlorobium

(c)   Rhizobium                             (d)   Azotobacter

  1. Antibiotics are mostly obtained from

 [CPMT 1971, 77, 79; JIPMER 1987]

(a)   Bacteria (Actinomycetes)  (b)   Virus

(c)   Angiosperms                        (d)   Fungi

  1. The symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria present in root nodules of legumes belongs to genus

      [DPMT 1982; MP PMT 1989; DPMT 1993; CPMT 1998; CBSE PMT 1999; Pb. PMT 1999; BVP 2002;

Kerala CET 2003; MHCET 2004]

(a)   Xanthomonas                       (b)   Pseudomonas

(c)   Rhizobium                             (d)   Acetobacter

  1. Nitrogen fixing bacteria are associated with

[EAMCET 1981; MP PMT 1988]

(a)   Leguminasae                       (b)   Cruciferae

(c)   Gramineae                            (d)   Malvaceae

  1. Which of the following is recently discovered gram positive non-leguminous nitrogen fixing bacterium

[BHU 1981; AIEEE 2003]

(a)   Azospirillum                         (b)   Rhizobium

(c)   Nitrosomonas                       (d)   Spirillum

  1. Nitrifying bacteria, Nitrosomonas and Nitrobactor

[AFMC 1981, 84; CPMT 1983, 86; BHU 1985]

(a)   Convert (oxidise) ammonia or ammonium compounds into nitrates

(b)   Convert nitrate into nitrogen

(c)   Convert nitrogen into nitrates

(d)   Convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates

  1. Clostridium is an example of [BHU 1984]

(a)   Obligate aerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria

(b)   Facultative nitrogen fixing bacteria

(c)   Non nitrogen fixing bacteria

(d)   Aerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria

  1. Retting of fibres is caused by [JIPMER 1987]

(a)   Bacillus                                  (b)   Clostridium

(c)   Nitrobacter                           (d)   Rhizobium

  1. Which of the bacterium cause the fermentation of milk and other plant products

(a)   Lactobacillus                        (b)   Hay bacillus

(c)   Acetobacter                           (d)   Rhizobium

  1. Bacteria which convert the nitrogen of the air to nitrogenous compounds are called [CPMT 1974]

(a)   Nitrifying                               (b)   Nitrogen fixing

(c)   Denitrifying                          (d)   Putrefying

  1. Which of the following decompose the remanents of the plants into CO2 and water

(a)   Algae                                      (b)   Sunlight

(c)   Virus                                       (d)   Bacteria

  1. What is the cause of flavour of tea and tobacco leaves

(a)   Mechanical method

(b)   Different strains of bacteria

(c)   Activity of fungi

(d)   Action of viruses

  1. Sugary solution is changed to vinegar by the action of

(a)   Azotobacter                          (b)   Diplococcus

(c)   Bacillus subtilis                    (d)   Mycoderma aciti

  1. Tetanolysin is produced by

(a)   Mycobacterium laprae      (b)   Clostridium botulinum

(c)   Clostridium tetani               (d)   None of these

  1. Which of the following red pigment is present in root nodules of bacteria

(a)   Phycoerythrin                      (b)   Bacterio chlorophyll

(c)   Leg haemoglobin                (d)   Bacterio viridin

  1. Which of the following processes is performed only by bacteria

(a)   Ripening of cheese

(b)   Synthesis of antibiotics

(c)   Humus formation

(d)   Formation of vitamin ‘K‘ in the intestine

  1. Human symbiotic bacteria help in

(a)   Intake of meals

(b)   Digestion of meals

(c)   Excretion of digested meal

(d)   None of the above

  1. Bacillus megatherium is used in

(a)   Food poisoning                   (b)   Food processing

(c)   Food manufacturing          (d)   None of the above

  1. Micro-organisms are used in

(a)   Sewage disposal

(b)   Biological control of diseases

(c)   Biological warfare

(d)   All the above

  1. The denitrification means [DPMT 1990; CPMT 2003]

(a)   Reduction of NO2 to ammonia form by bacteria in the soil

(b)   Oxidation of ammonia to nitrate form

(c)   Conversion of ammonia to amino acids

(d)   Conversion of ammonia and nitrates to gaseous nitrogen in the soil

  1. Waksman got the Nobel Prize for the discovery of

[DPMT 1992]

(a)   Penicillin                               (b)   Streptomycin

(c)   Chloromycetin                     (d)   Neomycin

  1. A compound which is produced by an organism and inhibits the growth of other organism is called [DPMT 1992]

(a)   Antiseptic                              (b)   Anticoagulant

(c)   Antibiotic                              (d)   Anti-allergic

  1. The decomposition of organic compounds in the presence of O2 without the development of odoriferous substance is

(a)   Nitrifixation                          (b)   Decay

(c)   Denitrifixation                     (d)   Nitrogen fixation

  1. The chemotherapeutic substance derived from living organism that has an inhibitory effect on parasitic organism is known as

(a)   Exotoxin                                (b)   Bactericide

(c)   Antibody                               (d)   Antibiotic

  1. The bacterial decomposition of nitrogenous organic compounds in the absence of abundant oxygen usually results in the formation of substance of offensive odour, chiefly sulphur compounds. Such anaerobic decomposition is called

(a)   Putrefaction                         (b)   Nitrification

(c)   Denitrification                     (d)   N2 fixation

  1. A suspension of killed or attenuated bacteria useful for artificial immunization is

(a)   Bacteriocin                           (b)   Bacteriolysin

(c)   Bacterin                                 (d)   Barophile

  1. The main role of bacteria in the carbon cycle involves

[CBSE PMT 1998; AIIMS 2000]

(a)   Photosynthesis

(b)   Assimilation of nitrogenous compounds

(c)   Chemosynthesis

(d)   Digestion or breakdown of organic compounds

  1. Wine turns sour because of [CPMT 1994]

(a)   Heat                                        (b)   Aerobic bacteria

(c)   Anaerobic bacteria             (d)   Exposure to light

  1. The bacteria which convert NO3 ® Free N2 are called as

[CPMT 1994, 2003; MP PMT 1996; MHCET 2003]

(a)   Nitrifying bacteria              (b)   Ammonifying bacteria

(c)   Denitrifying bacteria         (d)   None of these

  1. A large number of organic compounds can be decomposed by

[CBSE PMT 1995]

(a)   Chemoorgano                      (b)   Pseudomonas

(c)   Acetobacter                           (d)   Mycoplasma

  1. Which one of the following bacteria has potential for nitrogen fixation [MP PMT 1995; Bihar MDAT 1995]

(a)   Nitrosomonas                       (b)   Nitrobacter

(c)   Nitrosococcus                      (d)   Rhizobium

  1. The biological process carried on by Rhizobium is called

[MP PMT 1995]

(a)   Nitrification                          (b)   Ammonification

(c)   Nitrogen fixation                (d)   Fermentation

  1. Nitrifying bacteria are those which can convert

[MP PMT 1995]

(a)   Atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia

(b)   Ammonia into nitrites

(c)   Nitrites into nitrates

(d)   Nitrates into ammonia

  1. Root nodules for nitrogen fixation in nonleguminous trees are produced by species of the genus [BHU 1994]

(a)   Rhizobium                             (b)   Azatobacter

(c)   Frankea                                 (d)   Thiobacillus

  1. Bacteria which directly convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds are called [AFMC 1996]

(a)   Denitrifying bacteria         (b)   Putrefying bacteria

(c)   Nitrogen fixing bacteria    (d)   Nitrifying bacteria

  1. One of the useful activities of several bacteria is

[MP PMT 1998]

(a)   Nitrogen fixation

(b)   Nitrification

(c)   Operation of biogeochemical cycles

(d)   All of the above

  1. Which one of the following can utilize molecular nitrogen (N2) as nutrient for growth [MP PMT 1998]

(a)   Rhizobium                             (b)   Spirogyra

(c)   Mucor                                     (d)   Methanococcus

  1. Which of the following is used to cure off the bitterness of tea leaves [CPMT 1999; JIPMER 2001]

(a)   Bacillus subtilis                    (b)   B. megatherium

(c)   B. lactis                                  (d)   B. mycococcus

  1. Which of the following soil microorganisms breaks down plant and animal protein into ammonia [KCET 1998]

(a)   Bacillus vulgaris                  (b)   Nitrosomonas

(c)   Pseudomonas                       (d)   None of the above

  1. The bacteria found in nodules of family leguminoseae are

[CPMT 1998]

(a)   Rhizobium                             (b)   Azotobacter

(c)   Nitrobacter                           (d)   None of these

  1. Which bacteria convert ammonium salts into nitrite

[CPMT 1998]

(a)   Nitrobacter                           (b)   Nitrosomonas

(c)   Azotobacter                          (d)   None of these

  1. Which of the following is non-symbiotic biofertilizer

[CBSE PMT 1998]

(a)   VAM                                        (b)   Azotobacter

(c)   Anabaena                              (d)   Rhizobium

  1. Which is not help in fixation                             [RPMT 1999]

(a)   Anabaena                              (b)   Nostoc

(c)   Oscillatoria                           (d)   Rhizobium

  1. Fermentation is by [RPMT 1999]

(a)   All micro organism

(b)   All fungi

(c)   All bacteria

(d)   Some fungi and some bacteria

  1. Plasmid is used as carrier because [CBSE PMT 2000]

(a)   It has antibiotic resistance genes

(b)   Its both ends are replicating points

(c)   It can go between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

(d)   It is circular DNA which has capacity to bind eukaryote DNA

  1. The bacteria (Clostridium botulinum) that cause botulism are

[KCET 2001]

(a)   Obligate aerobes                 (b)   Facultative aerobes

(c)   Obligate anaerobes            (d)   Facultative anaerobes

  1. Biofertilizers include [J & K CET 2002]

(a)   Nitrogen fixing bacteria

(b)   Nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria

(c)   Mycorrhiza

(d)   All of these

  1. Milk is changed into curd by [MP PMT 2002]

(a)   Acetobactor aceti                (b)   Bacillus megatherium

(c)   Xanthomonas citri              (d)   None of these

  1. Which of the bacterium is useful in preparing

Idli                                                                                        [BVP 2003]

(a)   Leuconostoc mesenteroides

(b)   Clostridium

(c)   Both (a) and (b)

(d)   None of the above

  1. A substance that causes the disintegration of bacteria is

(a)   Bacteriocin                           (b)   Bacterin

(c)   Barophile                              (d)   Bacteriolysin

  1. Which bacteria is responsible for the reduction of nitrates in to nitrogen, in soil [Orissa JEE 2005]

(a)   Nitrosomonas                       (b)   Pseudomonas

(c)   Rizobium                               (d)   Clostridium

  1. For retting of jute the fermenting microbe used is

[CBSE PMT 2005]

(a)   Methophilic                           (b)   Butyric acid bacteria

(c)   Helicobactor pylori             (d)   Streptococcus lactin

  1. All of the following statements concerning the actinomycetous filamentous soil bacterium Frankia are correct except that Frankia                          [CBSE PMT 2005]

(a)   Can induce root nodules on many plant species

(b)   Cannot fix nitrogen in the free-living state

(c)   Cannot fix specialized vesicles in which the nitrogenase is protected from oxygen by a chemical barrier involving triterpene hapanoids

(d)   Like Rhizobium, it usually infects its host plant through root hair deformation and stimulates cell proliferation in the host’s cortex

  1. Which of the following is a free living nitrogen fixing bacteria present in the soil [J & K CET 2005]

(a)   Pseudomonas                       (b)   Rhizobium

(c)   Azotobacter                          (d)   Nitrosomonas

Bacterial diseases

  1. The germ theory of disease was putforth by [MP PMT 1995]

(a)   Koch                                       (b)   Pasteur

(c)   Rayer                                      (d)   Devaine

  1. Which of the following is bacterial disease

[CPMT 1975, 81; MP PMT 1984, 86, 89, 90]

(a)   Measels                                 (b)   Small pox

(c)   Rabies                                    (d)   Tuberculosis

  1. Bordetella pertusis causes

(a)   Influenza

(b)   Pneumonia

(c)   Meningitis in young children

(d)   Whooping cough

  1. Meningitis a disease is responsible for membrane damage of the brain is caused by [JIPMER 1986]

(a)   A fungus                                (b)   Bacillus

(c)   Neisseria                                (d)   Bordetella

  1. Penicillin antibiotic which effects bacterial [BHU 1989]

(a)   DNA replication

(b)   Protein synthesis

(c)   Plasma membrane properties

(d)   Peptidoglycon synthesis (cell wall)

  1. Mycolic acid is present in cell wall of pathogen causing

[BHU 1989]

(a)   Tetanus                                 (b)   Cholera

(c)   Diphtheria                            (d)   Tuberculosis

  1. Triple antigen or DPT is meant for [BHU 1985; AIIMS 1990]

(a)   A vaccine against malaria, typhoid and cancer

(b)   Mixture of viruses that causes common cold, polio and hepatitis

(c)   A vaccine against polio, rabies and hepatitis

(d)   A vaccine against tetanus, whooping cough and diptheria

  1. Tuberculin produced by the bacterium causing tuberculosis is

(a)   Hormone                               (b)   Enzyme

(c)   Exotoxin                                (d)   Endotoxin

  1. B. is caused by

(a)   Shigella bacteria                 (b)   Mycobacterium

(c)   Salmonella                            (d)   Virus

  1. Syphilis is caused by

(a)   Traponema pallidum         (b)   Virus

(c)   Nostoc                                    (d)   All the above

  1. The Bacillus haemophilus influenza causes [DPMT 1992]

(a)   Influenza                               (b)   Pneumonia

(c)   A form meningitis              (d)   Whooping cough

  1. Typhoid fever is caused by [CBSE PMT 1998]

(a)   Giardia                                   (b)   Salmonella

(c)   Shigella                                  (d)   Escherichia

  1. Proteins that kill the same or closely related species of bacteria are called

(a)   Bacteriolysin                        (b)   Bacteriocin

(c)   Bacterin                                 (d)   Barophile

  1. “Crown gall” is caused by [BHU 1995; CPMT 1998]

(a)   Mycobacterium                    (b)   Bacteria

(c)   Erwinia                                  (d)   Clostridium

  1. Plague is a bacterial disease caused by [AFMC 1996]

(a)   Posteurella pestis                (b)   Clostridium

(c)   Mycobacterium                    (d)   Vibrio

  1. ‘Citrus canker’ is caused by a [MP PMT 1997; BVP 2000]

(a)   Fungus                                   (b)   Bacterium

(c)   Virus                                       (d)   Nematoda

  1. Diphtheria is caused by [MP PMT 1999]

(a)   Viruses                                   (b)   Eukaryotes

(c)   Mycoplasma                         (d)   Bacteria

  1. Cause of ‘Mad Cow’ disease of England [RPMT 1999]

(a)   Virions                                   (b)   Mycoplasma

(c)   Scrapie Protein                    (d)   Viral protein

  1. The disease ‘pneumonia’ is caused by [MP PMT 2000]

(a)   Virus                                       (b)   Cyanobacteria

(c)   Bacteria                                 (d)   Cold

  1. Which is the cause of Anthrax disease [MP PMT 2002]

(a)   Virus                                       (b)   Bacteria

(c)   Mycoplasma                         (d)   Algae

  1. Which of the following is disease causing bacterium in human beings                                                           [MP PMT 2002]

(a)   Escherichia coli                    (b)   Xanthomonas citri

(c)   T.M.V.                                     (d)   Pilobolus

  1. Which of the following is Xanthomonas related

[MP PMT 2002]

(a)   Xanthophyceae

(b)   Causing disease in Xanthium

(c)   A kind of Virus

(d)   Causing Citrus canker disease

  1. Leprosy is caused by [Bihar MDAT 1995; AFMC 2003]

(a)   Spirillum                                (b)   Flagellum

(c)   Mycobacteria                        (d)   Pseudomonas

  1. The poisonous substances commonly produced by bacteria are known as [Kerala CET 2002; AFMC 2003]

(a)   Toxin (Exotoxins)              (b)   Auxins

(c)   Antibiotic                              (d)   Antitoxins

  1. Bacterial blight of rice is caused due to [Orissa JEE 2004]

(a)   Xanthomonas oryzae

(b)   Helminthosporium oryzae

(c)   Pseudomonas falcatum

(d)   Xanthomonas falcatum

  1. Natural genetic engineer is [Orissa JEE 2004]

(a)   Bacillus subtilis

(b)   Pseudomonas sp.

(c)   Escherichia coli

(d)   Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Mycoplasma

  1. Which one is the smallest organism capable of autonomous growth and reproduction [BHU 1989; MP PMT 1990, 2001]

(a)   Virus                                       (b)   Viroid

(c)   Mycoplasma                         (d)   None of the above

  1. Little leaf of brinjal is caused by

[BHU 1980; Bihar MDAT 1995; MP PMT 2001]

(a)   Virus                                       (b)   Mycoplasma

(c)   Fungus                                   (d)   Algae

  1. Which of the following are called bacteria without cell wall

[CPMT 2000; BVP 2001; MHCET 2002]

(a)   Virus                                       (b)   Viroid

(c)   Mycoplasma                         (d)   Cyanobacteria

  1. Which of the following is osmotically inactive

(a)   Bacteria                                 (b)   Mycoplasma

(c)   Nostoc                                    (d)   All the above

  1. Mycoplasma is a [JIPMER 2002]

(a)   Eukaryotic and multicellular

(b)   Prokaryotic and multicellular

(c)   Prokaryotic and unicellular

(d)   Eukaryotic and unicellular

  1. Penicillin and Vancomycin do not affect the mycoplasma because

(a)   There is no cell wall           (b)   There is no nucleus

(c)   There is no mitochondria (d)   There is no golgi body

  1. Which of the following is effective against mycoplasmal diseases

(a)   Vancomycine                       (b)   Penicillin

(c)   Chloramphenicol                (d)   All the above

  1. Which of the following is called “Jockers of microbiological park”

(a)   Bacteria                                 (b)   Mycoplasma

(c)   Nostoc                                    (d)   None of these

  1. Mycoplasma reproduces through

(a)   Sexual means                       (b)   Vegetative means

(c)   Asexual means                    (d)   No reproduction

  1. Elementary cell body in mycoplasma perform the function of

[RPMT 1995; MP PMT 1995, 98]

(a)   Metabolism                          (b)   Excretion

(c)   Reproduction                       (d)   Respiration

  1. Class to which mycoplasma belongs is

(a)   Schizomycetes                     (b)   Molicutes

(c)   Myxomycetes                      (d)   None of these

  1. Blebs can be noted in

(a)   Spirogyra                              (b)   Mycoplasma galisepticum

(c)   Pseudomonas cola              (d)   None of these

  1. Who recorded pleuropneumonia in cattles

(a)   Pasteur                                  (b)   Twort

(c)   Knoll and Ruska                  (d)   Nocard and Roux

  1. “Dodder” can transmit

(a)   Mycoplasmal diseases      (b)   Viral diseases

(c)   Both (a) and (b)                  (d)   None of these

  1. Which of the species of mycoplasma causes human sterility

(a)   M. hominis                             (b)   M. fermentans

(c)   T. mycoplasma                     (d)   All the three

  1. Mycoplasma can live successfully in phloem due to being

(a)   Osmotically active

(b)   Osmotically inactive

(c)   Some species are osmotically active only

(d)   None of the above

  1. Which of the following is osmotically fragile

(a)   Bacteria                                 (b)   Nostoc

(c)   Mycoplasma                         (d)   None of these

  1. The disease of cardio-vascular system is caused by

(a)   Algae                                      (b)   Mycoplasma

(c)   Cyanobacteria                     (d)   None of these

  1. Tendency of abortion in ladies is caused by

(a)   Cyanobacteria                     (b)   Bacteria

(c)   Mycoplasma                         (d)   None of these

  1. Which disease is caused by mycoplasma

(a)   Citrus greening

(b)   Sandal spike

(c)   Grassy shoot of sugarcane

(d)   All the above

  1. Mycoplasma is

(a)   Gram positive

(b)   Gram negative

(c)   Some species are gram positive

(d)   None of the above

  1. Doxycycline treatment cure

(a)   Common cold caused by virus

(b)   Polio caused by virus

(c)   Male sterility caused by mycoplasma

(d)   None of these

  1. Name Asterococcus mycoides has been given to mycoplasma by

(a)   Noccard and Roux              (b)   Nowak

(c)   Borrel et al                            (d)   None of these

  1. Mycoplasma is related to

(a)   Algae                                      (b)   Bacteriophage

(c)   Virus                                       (d)   L–form bacteria

  1. Mycoplasma hominis causes

(a)   Small pox

(b)   Brain fever

(c)   Tuberculosis

(d)   Infertility in males (human)

  1. Mycoplasma is a

(a)   Saprophyte

(b)   Parasite

(c)   Some species are parasites and others are saprophytes

(d)   None of these

  1. Which may be called as badsonia

(a)   Virus                                       (b)   Mycoplasma

(c)   L–form bacteria                  (d)   All the above

  1. Cell of mycoplasma contains

(a)   RNA                                         (b)   DNA

(c)   Both RNA and DNA            (d)   None of these

  1. The ‘Witches broom’ of legumes is caused by a

                        [MP PMT 1994; RPMT 1995; KCET 1999; Pb. PMT 2004]

(a)   Virus                                       (b)   Mycoplasma

(c)   Bacterium                             (d)   Fungus

  1. Which of the following are intermediate between viruses and bacteria

(a)   Mycoplasma                         (b)   Spirilla

(c)   Virons                                    (d)   Voriola

  1. Size of PPLO is

(a)   0.10m to 0.15m                     (b)   0.21m to 0.25m

(c)   0.01m to 0.08m                     (d)   0.05m to 0.10m

  1. Prokaryota includes [RPMT 1995]

(a)   Mycoplasma

(b)   Ulothrix

(c)   Fungi

(d)   Mycoplasma and blue-green algae

  1. The membrane of which one of the following micro-organism is three layered

(a)   Nostoc                                    (b)   Mycoplasma

(c)   E. coli                                      (d)   Rhodospirillum

  1. PPLO reproduce (multiply) by

(a)   Gametic fusion                    (b)   Binary fission

(c)   Akinetes                                (d)   Endospore

  1. Organisms without any specific shape are [MP PMT 1997]

(a)   Mycoplasmas                       (b)   Bacteria

(c)   Viruses                                   (d)   Cyanobacteria

  1. An organism having cytoplasm DNA and RNA but no cell wall is          [MP PMT 1995, 98]

(a)   Cyanobacterium                 (b)   Mycoplasma

(c)   Bacterium                             (d)   Virus

  1. Which of the following statement is true for Mycoplasma

[MP PMT 1999]

(a)   Presence of cell wall          (b)   Presence of nucleus

(c)   Absence of cell wall           (d)   Definite shape

  1. Mycoplasma are not sensitive to [MP PMT 2000]

(a)   Streptomycin                       (b)   Penicillin

(c)   Erythromycin                       (d)   Neomycin

  1. Why mycoplasma is pleuomorphic

(a)   Due to absence of cell wall

(b)   Due to presence of three layered cell membrane

(c)   Due to the presence of sterol

(d)   None of these

  1. What is incorrect for mycoplasma [RPMT 1997]

(a)   Show osmotic response

(b)   Show absence of cell wall

(c)   Are sensitive to modern antibiotics

(d)   Are obligate intracellular parasites

  1. The outermost limiting layer of mycoplasma is made up of

[Orissa JEE 2002]

(a)   Cell wall                                 (b)   Cell membrane

(c)   Mucilaginous sheath         (d)   Slime layer

  1. Which type of organism are PPLO [MP PMT 2002]

(a)   Virus                                       (b)   Viroid

(c)   Mycoplasma-like                (d)   Bacteria

Cyanobacteria / Blue green algae

  1. Which may live as a space parasite in Anthoceros

(a)   Ulothrix                                  (b)   Spirogyra

(c)   Nostoc                                    (d)   None of these

  1. Incipient nucleus is present in [BVP 2000]

(a)   Chlorophyceae                    (b)   Rhodophyceae

(c)   Myxophyceae                      (d)   Phaeophyceae

  1. Which of the following has polar nodule on both the ends

(a)   Akinetes                                (b)   Hormogonia

(c)   Heterocysts                          (d)   None of these

  1. Which of the following shows the absence of chlorophyll ‘b‘

(a)   Green algae                          (b)   Red algae

(c)   Blue-green algae                 (d)   Brown algae

  1. Which of the following is used as green manure

(a)   Bacteria                                 (b)   Mycoplasma

(c)   Nostoc                                    (d)   None of these

  1. Nostoc may form

(a)   Simple colony                      (b)   Compound colony

(c)   Both (a) and (b)                  (d)   None of these

  1. Nostoc is named after

(a)   Fritsch                                    (b)   Smith

(c)   Vaucher                                 (d)   R.N. Singh

  1. The matrix around Nostoc colony is

(a)   Gelatinous                            (b)   Hard and corky

(c)   Cartilaginous                       (d)   No matrix at all

  1. Angiosperm in which Nostoc remains endophyte is

(a)   Melia indica                          (b)   Arachis hypogea

(c)   Gunnera manicata              (d)   None of these

  1. Which of the following may occur in arctic and alpine meadows

(a)   Spirogyra                               (b)   Ulothrix

(c)   Nostoc                                    (d)   None of these

  1. Which of the following is coloured portion in the cell of Nostoc

(a)   Chromoplasm                      (b)   Centroplasm

(c)   Central body                        (d)   Genophore

  1. Which of the following characters of Nostoc resembles other prokaryotes

(a)   Absence of definite nucleus

(b)   Ability to fix nitrogen

(c)   Multiplication by fission

(d)   All the above

  1. Which cell division occurs in Nostoc

(a)   Mitotic                                   (b)   Meiotic

(c)   Amitotic                                 (d)   All

  1. Which of the following movement may be found in blue-green algae

(a)   Flagellar                                (b)   Ciliary

(c)   Gliding                                   (d)   None of the above

  1. Which of the following important features are found in blue-green algae

(a)   Abundant secretion of pectin

(b)   Presence of phycocyanin – C as dominant pigment

(c)   No plastids

(d)   All the above

  1. Which is absent in Nostoc

(a)   Sex organs                            (b)   Motile cells

(c)   Both (a) and (b)                  (d)   None of these

  1. The fossil record of blue-green algae is in

(a)   Palaeozoic                            (b)   Pre–palaeozoic

(c)   Carboniferous                      (d)   None of these

  1. What is the photosynthetic product in blue-green algae

(a)   Normal starch

(b)   Glycogen

(c)   Cyanophycean starch resembling glycogen

(d)   None of these

  1. Which of the following granules are present in cyanobacteria

(a)   Polyglucon granules          (b)   Carboxysomes

(c)   Gas vacuoles                        (d)   All the above

  1. According to Bradley and Carr, the nitrogen fixation takes place in

(a)   Akinetes                                (b)   Vegetative cells

(c)   Heterocysts                          (d)   All the above

  1. In Nostoc the heterocysts are

(a)   Terminal                               (b)   Intercalary

(c)   Both (a) and (b)                  (d)   None of these

  1. Which of the following contains polyhedral bodies

(a)   Mycoplasma                         (b)   Bacteria

(c)   Nostoc                                    (d)   None of these

  1. Which of the following may be called as fission algae

(a)   Nostoc                                    (b)   Oedogonium

(c)   Volvox                                     (d)   None of these

  1. Single filament of Nostoc without mucilage sheath is known as

[MP PMT 1986; AIIMS 1998]

(a)   Hyphae                                  (b)   Colony

(c)   Trichome                              (d)   Mycilium

  1. In which of the following there is no sexual reproduction

[MP PMT 1987; CBSE PMT 1995, 99; BVP 2001]

(a)   Ulothrix                                  (b)   Nostoc

(c)   Aspergillus                            (d)   Volvox

  1. Which of the following algae is symbiotic and nitrogen fixing

[Pb. PMT 1999]

(a)   Spirogyra                               (b)   Cladophora

(c)   Anabaena                              (d)   Oedogonium

  1. Blue-green algae and bacteria show similarity in

(a)   Both show anaerobic respiration

(b)   Both show the presence of chlorophyll

(c)   Both are devoid of true nucleus

(d)   None of the above

  1. Prokaryotes are characterized by [AFMC 1993]

(a)   A true nucleus with double layered nuclear membrane is absent

(b)   Well developed nucleus with double layered nuclear membrane present

(c)   Presence of cell wall made of chitins, mucopolysaccharides and absence of cell organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts

(d)   Autotrophic in nature and only DNA is present

  1. The cells of cyanobacteria and bacteria exhibit similarity in having          [BHU 1982]

(a)   Plastids                                  (b)   Nuclei (True)

(c)   Centrosome                          (d)   DNA

  1. The name cyanobacteria refers to [MP PMT 1992]

(a)   Bacteria                                 (b)   Blue–green algae

(c)   Yeast                                       (d)   Fungi

  1. Cyanobacteria is a

(a)   Category of bacteria

(b)   Is the new name of all bacteria

(c)   New name of myxophyceae or blue-green algae

(d)   None of the above

  1. Prokaryotes are identified by [Bihar MDAT 1995]

(a)   Absence of mitochondria

(b)   Absence of nuclear membrane

(c)   Absence of chloroplast

(d)   Absence of cell membrane

  1. Which were the organisms who changed earth’s surface from reducing to the oxidizing [BHU 2001]

(a)   Autotrophs                           (b)   Heterotrophs

(c)   Photoautotrophs                (d)   Chemotrophs

  1. When green algae are illuminated, motile aerobic bacteria usually accumulate near them. This is because, bacteria

[NCERT 1984]

(a)   Have attraction for light

(b)   Have attraction for green plants

(c)   Have attraction for oxygen

(d)   Have attraction for CO2

  1. Blue-green algae belong to [CPMT 1982]

(a)   Myxomycetes

(b)   The eukaryota

(c)   The prokaryota

(d)   Neither the eukaryota nor the prokaryota

  1. During rainy seasons, the ground becomes slippery due to dense growth of                                                           [BHU 1999]

(a)   Lichens                                  (b)   Bacteria

(c)   Green algae                          (d)   Cyanobacteria

  1. Hormogonia are the vegetatively reproducing structures of

[AIIMS 1999]

(a)   Ulothrix                                  (b)   Spirogyra

(c)   Oscillatoria                           (d)   Chlamydomonas

  1. Atmospheric nitrogen-fixation is carried on by

[Pb. PMT 1999]

(a)   Funaria                                  (b)   Anabaena

(c)   Chlamydomonas                  (d)   Fern gametophyte

  1. Which is not true for the heterocyst of Nostoc

(a)   Intercalary position

(b)   Site of nitrogen fixation

(c)   Presence of polar nodules

(d)   CO2 fixation ability

  1. Cyanophyceae has got [DPMT 1991]

(a)   Definite nucleus and plastid

(b)   No definite nucleus but plastid

(c)   Neither definite nucleus nor plastid

(d)   Definite nucleus but no plastid

  1. The following micro-organisms have the property of photosynthesis as well as nitrogen fixation

(a)   Azotobacter                          (b)   Rhizobium

(c)   Cyanobacteria                      (d)   Clostridium

  1. Unicellular cyanobacteria reproduce asexually by

[MP PMT 1997]

(a)   Conjugation                          (b)   Fragmentation

(c)   Binary fission                       (d)   Hormogones

  1. Heterocysts are found in certain [BHU 1995; MP PMT 1997]

(a)   Viruses                                   (b)   Bacteria

(c)   Cyanobacteria                     (d)   Mycoplasmas

  1. Cynobacteria is a [CPMT 2002]

(a)   Virus which affect bacteria

(b)   Bacteria which used cyanide as nutrition

(c)   Algae which has blue-green pigment

(d)   Colourful fungi

  1. Nostoc is characteristic in having [MP PMT 1998]

(a)   Cellulose cell wall               (b)   Uniflagellated zoospores

(c)   Chlorophyll ‘e‘                     (d)   Sexual reproduction

  1. Nostoc is a [MP PMT 1999; MHCET 2007]

(a)   Cyanobacteria                     (b)   Beaded bacterium

(c)   Bacteriophage                     (d)   Parasite

  1. In prokaryotes, the genetic material is

[CBSE PMT 1999; RPMT 1999]

(a)   Linear DNA with histones

(b)   Circular DNA with histones

(c)   Linear DNA without histones

(d)   Circular DNA without histones

  1. Cyanobacteria originated about how many years ago

[Pb. PMT 2000]

(a)   1 billion                                 (b)   2 billion

(c)   3 billion                                 (d)   4 billion

  1. Sexual reproduction is absent in [MP PMT 2000]

(a)   Cyanobacteria                     (b)   Bacteria

(c)   Eukaryote                             (d)   All of the above

  1. Nostoc is known to perform [MP PMT 2001]

(a)   Only photosynthesis

(b)   Photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation simultaneously

(c)   Only nitrogen fixation

(d)   Either photosynthesis or nitrogen fixation at a time

  1. Nitrogenase enzyme is found in Nostoc in the cell of

[MP PMT 2001]

(a)   Vegetative                             (b)   Heterocyst

(c)   Both (a) and (b)                  (d)   None of these

  1. Cyanobacteria of great nutritive value is

[Kerala CET 2001]

(a)   Gleocapsa                              (b)   Scytonema

(c)   Stigonema                             (d)   Spirulina

  1. The characteristic of blue green algae is [RPMT 2002]

(a)   DNA without histone

(b)   Nuclear membrane absent

(c)   70 S ribosomes

(d)   All of the above

  1. Which is not a cyanobacterium [AFMC 2002]

(a)   Lyngbya                                 (b)   Plectonema

(c)   Anabaena                              (d)   Sinorhizobium

  1. Which of the following is a Prokaryote [MP PMT 2002]

(a)   Chlorella                                (b)   Chlamydomonas

(c)   Protomyces                            (d)   Oscillatoria

  1. Which was first photosynthetic organism [DPMT 2003]

(a)   Green algae                          (b)   Red algae

(c)   Cyanobacteria                     (d)   Brown algae

  1. The blue-green algae are so called as they have in addition to green pigment chlorophyll, a blue pigment known as

[KCET 1994; MP PMT 1996; Kerala PMT 2003]

(a)   Phycocyanin                         (b)   Chromoplasm

(c)   Cyanophycin                        (d)   Phycoerythrin

  1. Blue-green algae are included in

[CPMT 1982; CBSE PMT 1996; MP PMT 2004]

(a)   Eukaryotes                           (b)   Rhodophyceae

(c)   Prokaryotes                          (d)   Chlorophyceae

  1. Which of the following is not a blue-green algae

                     [CPMT 2004]

(a)   Nostoc                                    (b)   Anabaena

(c)   Lichen                                    (d)   Aulosiras

  1. Anabaena has an immense potential as a [DPMT 2004]

(a)   Biofertilizer                          (b)   Food

(c)   Medicines                             (d)   Sewage disposal

  1. Which of the following may cause water blooms [BVP 2004]

(a)   Bacteria                                 (b)   Mycoplasma

(c)   Virus                                       (d)   Blue-green algae

  1. Nitrogen fixation by Nostoc takes place in

[MP PMT 1996; Orissa JEE 2004]

(a)   Heterocysts                          (b)   Vegetative cells

(c)   Akinetes                                (d)   Hormogonia

  1. Cyanobacteria are [DPMT 2002; BVP 2004]

(a)   Mosses which attack bacteria

(b)   Bacteria which attack cyanophyceae

(c)   Autotrophic organism with phycocyanin

(d)   None of these

  1. Which of the following may be used in the reclaimation of soil

(a)   Mycoplasma                         (b)   Virus

(c)   Nostoc                                    (d)   None of these

  1. Which species of Nostoc produces endospores

(a)   Nostoc microscopilum

(b)   Nostoc commune

(c)   Both (a) and (b)

(d)   None

  1. Farmers have reported over 50% higher yields of rice by using which of the following biofertilizer

[MP PMT 1997; CBSE PMT 1993, 98, 99]

(a)   Mycorrhiza

(b)   Azolla pinnata

(c)   Cyanobacteria

(d)   Legume-Rhizobium symbiosis

  1. Cell wall of Nostoc is made up of

(a)   Two layers of microfibrils

(b)   Three layers of microfibrils

(c)   Four layers of microfibrils

(d)   None of the above

  1. Hormogonia of cyanobacteria are

(a)   Spore producing organs

(b)   Products of syngamy

(c)   Fragmented trichomes

(d)   Cells adjacent to heterocyst

  1. Which of the following statements is right [KCET 2004]

(a)   Fronds are found in bryophytes

(b)   Multiciliate sperms are found in angiosperms

(c)   Diatoms produce basidiospores

(d)   Heterocysts are found in Nostoc

  1. The most primitive in the following are [BHU 2005]

(a)   Cyanobacteria                      (b)   Bryophytes

(c)   Gymnosperms                     (d)   Monocots

  1. Auxospores and hormocysts are formed respectively, by

[CBSE PMT 2005]

(a)   Some diatoms and several cyanobacteria

(b)   Some cyanobacteria and many diatoms

(c)   Several cyanobacteria and several diatoms

(d)   Several diatoms and a few cyanobacteria

  1. Which of the following plants is used as biofertiliser

[CET 2005]

(a)   Nostoc                                    (b)   Funaria

(c)   Volvox                                     (d)   Rhizopus

  1. Pigment phycocyanin and phycoerythrin are found in

[Kerala CET 2005]

(a)   Bacillariophyceae               (b)   Archaebacteria

(c)   Eubacteria                            (d)   Cynobacteria

(e)   Chlorophyceae

  1. Escherichia coli has the following combination of characters

[AFMC 1993]

(a)   Rod shaped, 1–3 mm long, gram negative

(b)   Rod shaped, 1– 3 mm long, gram positive

(c)   Spiral, 1–3 mm long, gram negative

(d)   Spiral, 1–3 mm long, gram positive

  1. Salmonella typhi was discovered by

(a)   Leeuwenhoek                      (b)   Eberth

(c)   Koch                                       (d)   Lister

  1. Magnesium ribonucleate is present in

(a)   Gram negative bacteria    (b)   Gram positive bacteria

(c)   Both the above                    (d)   None of the above

  1. K12 plasmid was studied first in

(a)   E. coli                                      (b)   Shigella

(c)   Salmonella                            (d)   Eberthella

  1. coli bacterium possesses a single large circular DNA as its genetic material. This strands codes for

(a)   1000 to 2000 different proteins

(b)   2000 to 3000 different proteins

(c)   3000 to 4000 different proteins

(d)   More than 4000 different proteins

  1. Pasturella pestis measures …… in length

(a)   0.1 to 0.2m                             (b)   1 to 2m

(c)   0.5 to 0.8m                             (d)   2 to 2.5m

  1. An average weight of bacterium is about

(a)   0.2 × 10–10 gm                      (b)   0.2 × 10–8 gm

(c)   0.2 × 10–12 gm                      (d)   0.2 × 10–9 gm

  1. A 1ml pipette can contain about

(a)   1018 bacteria                        (b)   1010 bacteria

(c)   106 bacteria                          (d)   1012 bacteria

  1. Cell wall of Gram negative bacteria is

(a)   20 to 30 mm thick               (b)   10 to 15 mm thick

(c)   5 to 10 mm thick                 (d)   15 to 20 mm thick

  1. The gram negative bacteria detect and responsed to chemicals in their surroundings by

[Kerala CET 2003]

(a)   Lipopolysaccharide           (b)   Muramic acid

(c)   Porins                                     (d)   Volutin granules

  1. A few organisms are known to grow and multiply at temperatures of 100 – 105°C. They belong to

[CBSE PMT 1998]

(a)   Thermophilic subaerial fungi

(b)   Marine archaebacteria

(c)   Thermophilic sulphur bacteria

(d)   Hot spring blue-green algae

  1. In order to label the coat alone but not the nucleic acid, the bacteriophage should be grown on coli cells previously cultured on a medium containing

(a)   P32                                           (b)   S35

(c)   H3                                            (d)   C14

  1. ‘The integration process’ in which a bacterial cell remain undestroyed and unaffected even in the presence of ‘phage’ is called as

(a)   Plaques                                  (b)   Virion

(c)   Viroid                                     (d)   Lysogeny

  1. A bacterium divides every 35 minutes. If a culture containing 105 cells / ml is grown for 175 minutes. What will be the cell concentration / ml after 175 minutes

[CBSE PMT 1998; BHU 2004]

(a)   175 × 105 cells                     (b)   85 × 105 cells

(c)   35 × 105 cells                       (d)   32 × 105 cells

  1. Which of the following bacterium converts the sucrose into dextrin

(a)   Bacillus megatherium

(b)   Leuconostoc mesenteroides

(c)   Clostridium botulinum

(d)   None of the above

  1. Fresh meat is putrefied by

(a)   Clostridium                           (b)   Pseudomonas

(c)   Proteus                                   (d)   All the above

  1. Bacillus thuriginensis is a good

(a)   Biofertilizer                          (b)   Biopesticide

(c)   Biofuel                                   (d)   Single cell protein

  1. Which one of the following is genetically improved bacteria for pollution control [CPMT 1998]

(a)   Pseudomonas                       (b)   Rhizobium

(c)   Nitrobacter                           (d)   Nitrosomonas

  1. Coccidiomycosis is caused by

(a)   Coccidiodes                           (b)   Cryptococcus

(c)   Fusarium                               (d)   Curvularia

  1. Pseudomonas cola causes

(a)   Mycosis                                 (b)   Aspergillosis

(c)   Stomach pain                       (d)   None of the above

  1. The most thoroughly studied of the known bacteria-plant interactions is the [CBSE PMT 2004]

(a)   Nodulation of Sebania stems by nitrogen fixing bacteria

(b)   Plant growth stimulation by phosphate-solubilising bacteria

(c)   Cyanobacterial symbiosis with some aquatic ferns

(d)   Gall formation on certain angiosperms by Agrobacterium

  1. Mycoplasma differs from virus in being sensitive to

[MP PMT 1995]

(a)   Sugar                                      (b)   Tetracycline

(c)   Protein                                   (d)   Amino acid

  1. Vertical transmission of mycoplasmal diseases may be through

(a)   Bulbs                                      (b)   Tubers

(c)   Corns                                      (d)   All the above

  1. Which of the following is a mycoplasmal disease

(a)   Clover phyllody

(b)   Stripe disease of sugarcane

(c)   Yellows dwarf of tobacco

(d)   All the above

  1. Mycoplasma can be cultured on

(a)   P.D.A. medium

(b)   C.P.A. medium

(c)   Hayflick’s (modified) medium

(d)   None of these

  1. Otitis media (inflammation of middle ear) is caused by

(a)   Virus                                       (b)   Bacteria

(c)   Bacteriophage                     (d)   Mycoplasma

  1. Heterocyst constitutes a

(a)   Weakest link in trichome

(b)   Strongest link in trichome

(c)   In some trichomes it is a strong link

(d)   It is not linked at all

  1. Cells of Nostoc are

(a)   Moniliform                           (b)   Fusiform

(c)   Conical                                   (d)   None of the above

  1. Myxoxanthophyll is found in

(a)   Bacteria                                 (b)   Cyanobacteria

(c)   Mycoplasma                         (d)   None of these

  1. The existence of process of transformation in cyanobacteria has been experimentally established by

(a)   Kumar                                    (b)   Ueda

(c)   Doolittle                                (d)   Rippka

  1. Red sea phenomena due to

(a)   Red algae

(b)   Dinophyceae

(c)   Diatoms

(d)   Blue-green algae (Trichodesmium erythrium)

Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of the options given below :

(a)        If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion

(b)        If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion 

(c)        If the assertion is true but the reason is false

(d)        If both the assertion and reason are false

(e)        If the assertion is false but reason is true

  1. Assertion :        Bacteria are prokaryotic.                                   

Reason          :        Bacteria do not possess true nucleus and membrane bound cell organelles.

[AIIMS 1996]

  1. Assertion :        Bacteria have three basic shapes, e., round, rod, spiral.           

Reason          :        Cocci and Bacilli may form clusters or chain of a definite length.                                                           [AIIMS 2000]

  1. Assertion :        Bacterial photosynthesis occurs by utilizing wavelength longer than 700 nm.

Reason          :        Here reaction centre is B-890. [AIIMS 2002]

  1. Assertion :        The nitrogen-fixing bacteria in leguminous plant nodules live as symbionts.

Reason          :        Leg-haemoglobin synthesized by leguminous plants protect bacteria.

  1. Assertion :        Bacteria are classified among plants.

Reason          :        They have cell walls.

  1. Assertion :        Prokaryotic chromosome differs from a eukaryotic one by the absence of histone proteins.

Reason          :        Bacterial cell is prokaryote.

  1. Assertion :        Some bacteria have the capacity to retain Gram stain after treatment with acid alcohol.

Reason          :        They are known as Gram positive as they are attracted towards positive pole under influence of electric current.

  1. Assertion :        None autotrophic bacteria carry out chemosynthesis.

Reason          :        Chemosynthetic bacteria trap the small amount of energy released from inorganic compound’s oxidation to use in the reactions that synthesize carbohydrates.

  1. Assertion :        Exotoxins are relased by Gram +ve bacteria causing diseases to animals.

Reason          :        Exotoxins are proteins to whose response WBC of animals react.

  1. Assertion :        The bacteria cysts are produced to avoid unfavourable conditions.

Reason          :        Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium survive for very long durations due to endospores.

  1. Assertion :        Broad spectrum antibiotics are produced by streptomyces.

Reason          :        They can destroy microorganisms by inhibiting DNA replication or protein synthesis.

  1. Assertion :        Bacterial cell wall is characterised by having mucopolysaccharides.

Reason          :        Acetyl muramic acid is an example of mucopolysaccharide.

  1. Assertion :        Root nodules in leguminous plants are inhabited by Anabaena.

Reason          :        Leguminous plants are an example of symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

  1. Assertion :        Bacillus butschli is true bacterium.

Reason          :        Its cell wall is composed of acetyl muramic acid.

  1. Assertion :        Plasmids are single-stranded extra chromosomal DNA.

Reason          :        Plasmids are possessed by eukaryotic cells.

  1. Assertion :        coli is the most studied prokaryotes.

Reason          :        E. coli is Gram +ve bacteria.

  1. Assertion :        Pili are motile appendages of bacteria.

Reason          :        Pili participate in conjugation.

  1. Assertion :        Bacterial cell wall are not like the plant cell.

Reason          :        Bacterial cell wall is made up of cellulose.

  1. Assertion :        Cell secretion does not occur in bacteria.

Reason          :        Golgi complex is absent in bacteria.

  1. Assertion :        All food chains will come to stand still if bacteria disappear from earth.

Reason          :        Bacteria are only associated with the soil fertility and hardly any role for food chains.

  1. Assertion :        Bacteria do not always move with the help of flagella.

Reason          :        Flagellated bacteria employs rotary motion of flagellum when it moves.

Structure, shape and nutrition of bacteria

1 a 2 d 3 b 4 b 5 d
6 a 7 a 8 c 9 a 10 c
11 c 12 a 13 b 14 a 15 b
16 b 17 c 18 b 19 a 20 b
21 d 22 c 23 a 24 d 25 a
26 a 27 c 28 a 29 d 30 a
31 c 32 c 33 c 34 a 35 c
36 d 37 a 38 a 39 d 40 a
41 d 42 d 43 d 44 c 45 b
46 d 47 a 48 d 49 c 50 a
51 b 52 b 53 a 54 d 55 a
56 d 57 b 58 c 59 d 60 c
61 b 62 b 63 c 64 c 65 c
66 c 67 c 68 a 69 b 70 a
71 c 72 a 73 c 74 a 75 a
76 a 77 c 78 c 79 d 80 d
81 d 82 a 83 b 84 c 85 b
86 c 87 a 88 c 89 c 90 b
91 b 92 a 93 c 94 c 95 b
96 c 97 e            

Life cycle/Reproduction in bacteria

1 a 2 b 3 a 4 a 5 a
6 b 7 c 8 c 9 c 10 d
11 b 12 b 13 c 14 b 15 c
16 c 17 c 18 c 19 c 20 a
21 a 22 b 23 b 24 c 25 c
26 b 27 b 28 a 29 d 30 a

Economic importance of bacteria

 

 

1 a 2 d 3 b 4 c 5 a
6 c 7 a 8 b 9 c 10 a
11 a 12 a 13 b 14 b 15 a
16 b 17 d 18 b 19 d 20 c
21 c 22 d 23 b 24 b 25 d
26 d 27 b 28 c 29 b 30 d
31 a 32 c 33 d 34 b 35 c
36 a 37 d 38 c 39 b 40 c
41 c 42 d 43 a 44 b 45 a
46 a 47 b 48 b 49 c 50 d
51 d 52 c 53 d 54 d 55 a
56 d 57 a 58 b 59 b 60 c

 

Bacterial diseases

1 b 2 d 3 d 4 c 5 d
6 d 7 d 8 d 9 b 10 a
11 a 12 b 13 a 14 b 15 a
16 b 17 d 18 c 19 c 20 b
21 a 22 d 23 c 24 a 25 a
26 d                

Mycoplasma

1 c 2 b 3 c 4 b 5 c
6 a 7 c 8 b 9 b 10 c
11 b 12 b 13 d 14 c 15 d
16 b 17 c 18 b 19 c 20 d
21 b 22 c 23 c 24 d 25 d
26 c 27 b 28 c 29 b 30 a
31 a 32 d 33 b 34 b 35 a
36 b 37 c 38 b 39 a 40 d
41 b 42 c            

Cyanobacteria / Blue green algae

1 c 2 c 3 c 4 c 5 c
6 c 7 c 8 a 9 c 10 c
11 a 12 d 13 c 14 c 15 d
16 c 17 b 18 c 19 d 20 c
21 b 22 c 23 a 24 c 25 b
26 c 27 c 28 c 29 d 30 b
31 c 32 b 33 c 34 c 35 c
36 d 37 c 38 b 39 d 40 c
41 c 42 c 43 c 44 c 45 a
46 a 47 d 48 c 49 a 50 b
51 b 52 d 53 d 54 d 55 d
56 c 57 a 58 c 59 c 60 a
61 d 62 a 63 c 64 c 65 c
66 c 67 c 68 c 69 d 70 a
71 d 72 a 73 d        

Critical Thinking Questions

1 a 2 b 3 b 4 a 5 b
6 b 7 c 8 d 9 b 10 c
11 b 12 b 13 d 14 d 15 b
16 c 17 b 18 a 19 a 20 c
21 d 22 b 23 d 24 d 25 c
26 d 27 a 28 a 29 b 30 c
31 d                

 

Assertion and Reason

1 a 2 b 3 b 4 a 5 a
6 a 7 c 8 d 9 a 10 a
11 a 12 d 13 a 14 a 15 c
16 c 17 e 18 a 19 e 20 c
21 b                

Structure, shape and nutrition of bacteria

  1. (b) In bacteria, the cytoplasm of outer membrane forms much coiled invaginations called mesosomes that participates in aerobic respiration of bacteria.
  2. (d) Rhodospirillium is photosynthetic bacteria.
  3. (a) Bacteria devoid of all cell organells except 70 S ribosome.
  4. (b) In G+ (Gram–positive bacteria) cell wall is 200–300 Å thick having mucopeptides 85% and lipids 1–2% while in G– (Gram-negative bacteria) cell wall is 100–200 Å thick and mucopeptides are 10–12% and lipids 80–90%.
  5. (b) Chemosynthetic bacteria synthesize the food by oxidizing the inorganic compound.
  6. (b) Bacteria use H2S at the place of H2O in photosynthesis.
  7. (a) Sterilization of surgical instrument is required to check the infection.

(230)

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