What does atomic radius and ionic radius really mean to you?

🔷 1. Atomic Radius – परमाण्विक त्रिज्या:

• Meaning:
  Atomic radius is the distance from the center of the nucleus to the outermost electron shell of a neutral atom.

• Think of it like:
  The size of an atom — how “big” the atom is in terms of how far its outermost electrons are from the nucleus.

• Trends in Periodic Table:

  • ➡️ Across a period (left to right): Radius decreases
    (more protons pull electrons closer — stronger nuclear attraction)

  • ⬇️ Down a group: Radius increases
    (more electron shells are added)

🔷 2. Ionic Radius – आयन त्रिज्या:

• Meaning:
  Ionic radius is the radius of an atom’s ion — i.e., how big the atom becomes when it loses or gains electrons.

• Cation (positive ion):

  • Formed by losing electrons

  • Ionic radius is smaller than the atomic radius

  • Example: Na → Na⁺ (radius decreases)

• Anion (negative ion):

  • Formed by gaining electrons

  • Ionic radius is larger than the atomic radius

  • Example: Cl → Cl⁻ (radius increases)

🧠 In Simple Words:

🔹 Atomic radius tells us how big an atom is.
🔹 Ionic radius tells us how the size of that atom changes when it becomes an ion.

• Lose electrons → smaller (cation)

• Gain electrons → bigger (anion)

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