12. Assertion : A fluid flowing out of a small hole in a vessel apply a backward thrust on the vessel. Reason : According to equation of continuity, the product of area and velocity remain constant.

(a)       If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

(b)       If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

(c)        If assertion is true but reason is false.

(d)       If the assertion and reason both are false.

(e)       If assertion is false but reason is true.

Explanation-(a) Due to small area of cross-section of the hole, fluid flows out of the vessel with a large speed and thus the fluid possesses a large linear momentum. As no external forces acts on the system, in order to conserve linear momentum, the vessel acquires a velocity in backward direction or in other words a backward thrust results on the vessel.

(12)